Back SearchTitle: MEASURING THE ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE OF TYRES AND RUBBER PRODUCTS
Page Range: T/1-2
Author(s): Gurta F
File size: 23K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
The measurement of the electrical resistance of rubbers, and in particular, of tyres is discussed. This work determines the surface electrical resistance of rubber materials. The equipment used consists of a high voltage source, whose main constituent part is an analogue-digital converter which is connected to a PC operating as a data collector. The equipment has at least five measuring probes which can be distributed uniformly on the perimeter of the tyre being investigated. The process can be automated, and satisfies the requirements of ISO 9000. 2 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, 2002, No.1, pp.31-2).
Title: DETERMINING THE MECHANICAL LOSS TANGENT USING A QUARTZ RESONATOR
Page Range: T/3-4
Author(s): Naumenko V Y
File size: 29K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
The use of a quartz-resonator method to examine processes occurring at the polymer-solid molecular contact boundary, is described. In tangential cyclic displacement of polymer-solid body contact surfaces, viscoelastic tensile and compressive forces develop, which have the nature of molecular forces of interaction. When the amplitude of displacement becomes comparable to the dimensions of the kinetic element of the chain, the bonds between the macromolecules of the polymer and the solid surface are disrupted, resulting in an additional dissipation of energy and critical detachment stress, characteristic of adhesive and frictional failure. Tests are reported which were carried out on SKN-26M rubber, in which the contact temperature and degree of crosslinking were varied. The technique is claimed to provide a dynamic method for the selection of polymers for operation in various dynamic conditions, and to evaluate the changes in mechanical properties of the boundary layers of polymers in fatigue processes. 7 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, 2002, No.1, pp.45-6).
Title: CHARACTERISTICS OF DEHYDROCHLORINATION OF INDUSTRIAL AND PURIFIED POLYCHLOROPRENES
Page Range: T/5-7
Author(s): Zhovner N A; Zhovner T P; Chernook S I
File size: 56K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
It is demonstrated that the molecular structure of polymers has a decisive impact on their activity during dehydrochlorination. Tests were carried out on the impact of the main polymerisation stabilisers on the kinetics of dehydrochlorination of polychloroprene. The rubbers were purified by treating them with cold acetone in a purified nitrogen atmosphere. Different grades of thiol-regulated rubbers were used, rubber modified with sulphur, thiuram D and thiol, and chlorinated polychloroprene. IR spectroscopy analysis of the purified polymers is reported to have revealed an absence of accompanying substances in them and an increase in the polymer oxidation product content. From a large volume of experimental data, it was confirmed that the rate and degree of purified chloroprene rubber dechlorination, both in the presence of oxygen and in argon, depend on the molecular structure of the rubber, and that a significant part is played by the type and quantity of accompanying substances such as sulphur and oxygen, which are capable of altering the structure of monomer links in the 1,4 position. 6 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.2, 2002, p.2-4).
Title: CHARACTERISTICS OF DEHYDROCHLORINATION OF INDUSTRIAL AND PURIFIED CHLORO-BUTYL RUBBER
Page Range: T/8-10
Author(s): Zhovner N A; Zhovner T P; Chernook
File size: 58K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
A study is presented of the kinetics of thermal oxidation dehydrochlorination of chlorinated butyl rubber specimens, (imported and Russian-made) The batches of Russian rubber differed from one another in the chemical composition of the accompanying substances and in the chlorine content. Differences in dehydrochlorination processes are explained in terms of two factors: the presence of effective stabilisers in industrial grades, and the different structure of the chlorinated isoprene links, and consequently, the different reactivity of the chlorine atoms in grades of domestic rubber samples. The study demonstrates that the rate and degree of dehydrochlorination depend on the initial chlorine content in the polymer, the kinetic characteristics of dehydrochlorination for Russian samples being 1-2 degrees of magnitude greater than for imported samples. 3 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.2, 2002, p.4-6).
Title: MUTUAL REPLACEABILITY OF LATTICES IN THE PRODUCTION OF REINFORCED SEALING MATERIALS
Page Range: T/11-13
Author(s): Trusov V E; Tarelkina V G; Solov'ev M E; Solov'eva O Y; Loginov D V
File size: 58K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
The use is discussed of asbestos steel sheets used in the manufacture of engine gaskets, and the substitution of butadiene-piperylene latex as binder for the asbestos fibres with butadiene and carboxylate latexes, since they have similar solubility parameters. This work investigates the potential to replace DBP-50 latex with PB-100 and SKD-IS latexes in an experimental study for the production of an asbestos polymer composition used in the manufacture of gaskets capable of withstanding under-the-bonnet conditions as seals between the block and the head in an internal combustion engine. 3 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.2, 2002,p.6-8).
Title: ABRASIVE WEAR RESISTANCE OF ELASTOMERS BASED ON A LUBRICATED COPOLYMER
Page Range: T/14-16
Author(s): Serbin V M; Penkin N S
File size: 46K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
The abrasive wear resistance of diene rubber Reziplast is tested. Reziplast, developed at the Voronezh branch of NIISK, is a terpolymer of butadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile. According to the manufacturer's data, vulcanisates based on this rubber provide superior wear resistance, crack propagation resistance, heat resistance, and oil and fuel resistance. This new rubber was proposed as an alternative to the composition based on SKD-SKS, (butadiene rubber-butadiene styrene rubber). Comparative tests were carried out on standard and filled elastomer composites based on Reziplast rubber, and mechanical and physical properties are reported. The tests were carried out on an original multifunctional laboratory rig, using tap water as the cooling medium. Introduction of water into the friction zone led to a sharp fall in the intensity of the wear on elastomers as a result of temperature stabilisation in the tribounit, the lubricating effect of the liquid and the smoothing out of microroughness in the abrasive. It was concluded that a new type of rubber has been developed, which may constitute the basis for the creation of a whole range of highly effective vulcanisates, including materials for use in water-abrasive environments. 8 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No. 2, 2002, p.8-10).
Title: STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE PRODUCTS OF GLYCOLYSIS OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM
Page Range: T/17-19
Author(s): Galimzianova A R; Bakirova I N; Zenitova L A
File size: 44K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
The recycling of polyurethane foams by glycolysis is studied with reference to the chemical structure and physical and chemical parameters of the glycolysis products of rigid PU foam, and the change in these characteristics during the process and in relation to the conditions of destruction. The glycolysis process is based on a thermochemical interaction between polyurethanes and hydroxyl-containing compounds. The chemical structure of the glycolysis products was studied using IR spectroscopy. Because of the presence of end hydroxyl groups, the glycolysis products obtained from rigid PU foam, known as secondary polyols, may be useable as hydroxyl-containing components in secondary PU synthesis, including foams, sealants and adhesives, it is claimed. 9 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.2, 2002, p.11-3).
Title: KINETICS OF NON-ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLISATION OF LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE FILLED WITH POWDER FROM RUBBER WASTE
Page Range: T/20-22
Author(s): Serenko O A; Grokhovskaia T E; Goncharuk G P
File size: 54K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Tests were carried out on LDPE with a powdered scrap rubber flexible filler to determine the kinetics of non-isothermal crystallisation resulting from the introduction of the filler. The addition of a filler in a crystallising polymer may increase the transport co-factor because of the fall in the molecular mobility of the polymer chains, and may also reduce the work in nucleation as a result of stabilisation of heterogeneous fluctuations which act as crystallisation centres. The presence of particles in a filler is therefore seen to be capable of altering its rate of crystallisation. Crystallisation was studied using the DSK method on a TA 4000 thermal analyser. Results of the analysis are claimed to establish that the introduction into LDPE of 20-80 per cent by wt. rubber powder with particle size 0.1-d-0.2mm and good adhesion to LDPE does not cause any alteration to the rate of crystallisation of the PE matrix. 5 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.2, 2002, p.13-5).
Title: INFLUENCE OF FILLERS ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF OLIGOMERIC COMPOSITIONS
Page Range: T/23-24
Author(s): Solov'eva Y V; Ogrel A M; Luk'ianichev V V; Medvedev V P
File size: 46K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
The influence of mineral fillers on the rheological properties of hydroxyl-containing oligodiene SKDP-N is examined. The material is used to produce adhesives, sealants and pour-on coatings, and as such is not subjected to significant mechanical impacts, and so the use of highly active strengthening fillers does not produce any economic benefit. Fillers used were mineral powders with a degree of dispersion of 5-100 microns, and included chalk, kaolin, talc, marshalite and ground sand. The rheological properties of the compositions were measured on a rotary viscosimeter. Data thus obtained allowed for the formulation of compositions for a specific purpose with required viscosity, by means of careful selection of a type and content of fillers, details of which are discussed. 5 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.2, 2002, p.15-7).
Title: PHOSPHONIUM SALTS AS INORGANIC FILLER MODIFIERS
Page Range: T/25-28
Author(s): Ovcharov V I; Okhtina O V; Golovko D A
File size: 46K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
In order to extend the range of low-toxicity mineral filler modifiers, a study was made of the modification capacity of new cation-active substances of phosphonium salts. As a result of chemical adsorption modification of the surface of kaolin with phosphonium salts, the main process and physical/mechanical characteristics of filled rubber mixes and vulcanisates based on non-stereospecific butadiene-methylstyrene rubber, are shown to be improved. Optimum concentration levels are established. Kaolin, thus modified with phosphonium salts may be regarded, it is proposed, as a promising mineral filler for elastomer compositions. 6 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.2, 2002, p.17-20).
Title: CHEMICAL CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH-STRENGTH EPOXY-AMINE CROSSLINKED POLYMERS. PART 2: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF INTERCONNECTED POLYCONDENSATION AND POLYMERISATION NETWORKS
Page Range: T/29-37
Author(s): Smirnov Y N; Komarov B A; Kushch P P; Ponomareva T I; Lantsov V M
File size: 106K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of epoxy-amine polymers is realised by the simultaneous curing of epoxy resins with primary amines by a polycondensation mechanism, and by polymerisation under the action of catalytic amounts of tertiary amines. The aim of this present work is to analyse the different levels of structural organisation and the relaxation and physicomechanical properties of combined networks of epoxy-amine crosslinked polymers with control of the polymerisation contribution by varying the amount of activity of tertiary amine catalysts on the polymerisation process. The effect of tertiary amines as additives in crosslinked epoxy-amine polymers is discussed with reference to improvements in physicomechanical properties, increase in adhesion to glass, and improvements in service characteristics. 38 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.11, 2001, pp.6-12).
Title: EFFECT OF THE SOLVENT ON THE ALTERNATION OF UNITS IN COPOLYMERS OF N-VINYLSUCCINIMIDE WITH ACRYLATES
Page Range: T/38-42
Author(s): Lavrov N A; Sivtsov E V; Pisarev A G
File size: 42K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
The reaction medium can have a considerable effect on the kinetics of radical copolymerisation of different monomers, including a change in the polarisation of the double bond of the vinyl group and in the degree of conjugation of the vinyl group with the substituent, which leads to a change in the activity of the monomer in reactions of copolymerisation with other monomers. The effect of the solvent on the alternation of units in copolymers of N-vinylsuccinimide with acrylates is investigated using experimental data on the change in the concentration of monomers and the composition of copolymers in the course of the reaction, and values of the copolymerisation constants. This work reports on the probability of the formation of dyads and the mean-statistical length of the blocks in vinylsuccinimide-butyl acrylate and vinyl succinimide-hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymers produced in different media. 9 refs.
Title: INFLUENCE OF THE FORMATION OF BOUNDARY LAYERS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAPHITE-FILLED EPOXY PLASTICS
Page Range: T/43-49
Author(s): Kryzhanovskii V K; Aladyshkin A N; Konova O V; Abramova N K; Ryzhob A B
File size: 68K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
This work reports on the influence of the type of filler and the conditions under which it is introduced, on the combination of physical properties of epoxy-amine graphite-filled plastics, which in turn determines the tribological behaviour of actual triboplastics designed for use in anti-friction applications. On the basis of an investigation of the thermomechanical, relaxation and dilatometric properties of filled epoxy composites, it was concluded that the filler actively affects the topological structure, the extent of which is inversely proportional to the filler particle size. Interaction occurs at the boundary and in deep layers, and was investigated with reference to the effect of the intensity of mixing, and the fineness of filler particles. 11 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.11, 2001, pp.15-8).
Title: USE OF THERMOMECHANICAL SPECTROSCOPY IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE MOLECULAR TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF ALTERNATING COPOLYMERS OF ETHYLENE AND CARBON MONOXIDE
Page Range: T/50-62
Author(s): Ol'khov Y A; Belov G P; Golodkov O N
File size: 123K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Investigations into the molecular topological structure of polyketones of different molecular weights have demonstrated the possibilities of the use of thermomechanical spectroscopy, but have also revealed the extremely complex supermolecular organisation of the copolymers of ethylene and carbon monoxide investigated. The technique has been developed for the solutionless diagnosis of the molecular topological structure of polymers, and is based on thermomechanical analysis techniques. Thermomechanical spectroscopy was used to study the molecular topological structure of copolymers of ethylene with carbon monoxide of different molecular weights, synthesised using different catalysts and different reaction conditions, and on industrial specimens of Shell's Carilon polyketone. The temperatures of relaxation transitions were determined, and also the temperature of the start of molecular flow of the copolymers. The molecular weight characteristics of chains in the structure of the amorphous and crystalline blocks have been calculated, and their relationship with the free volume and the degree of crystallinity, and also with the melting temperature of the crystalline block, is shown. In some of the copolymers investigated, their amorphised state was found and described. 33 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.11, 2001, p.19-26).
Title: PROPERTIES OF FERRITE-FILLED SYSTEMS BASED ON HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT COMPOUNDS. 2. KINETICS OF THE POLYMERISATION OF LOW-CONDUCTIVITY SYSTEMS
Page Range: T/63-67
Author(s): Tsvetkova E A; Shalamov I V; Ukhartseva I Y; Sementovskaya E A; Gol'dade V A
File size: 66K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
The investigation of the electrophysical properties of liquid-dispersed systems in this work, forms a scientific basis for the development of materials with a combination of controllable properties, to be used, in particular, for electronics, instrument making, and medical equipment. The work centres on the establishment of laws governing the polarisation interaction of filled liquid systems consisting of macromolecules of polyvinyl butyrate (PVB) and a magnetic filler, (ferrite), and in particular, its dependence on the strength of the electric field, the filler concentration, and the degree of filler magnetism. 9 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.11, 2001, pp.27-9).
Title: AUTOMATION OF PROCESSES OF PREPARATION OF THE PRODUCTION OF PLASTIC PRODUCTS AS A STRATEGIC MEANS OF DEVELOPING THE INDUSTRY
Page Range: T/68-71
Author(s): Pelipenko A B
File size: 49K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
The need for the computerised organisation of processes of design and production in Russian plastics products manufacturing factories is emphasised. This work provides examples of software which is available in Russia by Bee Pitron for use by companies wanting to automate the processes of design and production as a whole.
Title: ADHESION PROPERTIES OF BONDING AGENTS FOR SELF-ADHESIVE LIGHT-REFLECTING COATINGS
Page Range: T/72-75
Author(s): Ukhartseva I Y; Parkalova E I; Pashnin O I
File size: 36K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Light-reflecting coatings are used commonly in signs, car number plates and in materials for protective clothing. Such coatings consist of layered materials in the form of a substrate which can be based on synthetic films, natural and synthetic fibres, fabric and non-fabric materials, leather, paper and metal foil; a layer of transparent spheres treated with binder and introduced into the substrate by means of flexible emulsion bonding agents. To produce a metallised layer, aluminium is normally used, and to ensure adhesion of the light-reflecting film to the base, a layer is applied that is sensitive to the pressure of the non-drying bonding agent. Experimental specimens of light-reflecting materials with an applied layer of different bonding agents were tested to determine the resistance of the adhesive layer to temperature gradients. All types of bonding agent investigated showed high adhesion properties enabling them to be used in the manufacture of self-adhesive light-reflecting materials. By comparing specimens of light-reflecting coatings having an applied polyisobutylene bonding agent with control specimens, it was established that the use of this bonding agent does not change the original properties of the layer material, and acrylate-based bonding agents were found to be more convenient for application. 15 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.11, 2001, p.33-4).
Title: VIBRATION-ABSORBING CONSTRUCTIONAL PLASTICS
Page Range: T/76-77
Author(s): Aleksandrova T A; Kryzhanovskii V K; Nikitina I V
File size: 33K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
The development is discussed of vibration absorbing constructional plastics. To create such materials with a wide temperature range of vibration damping, it is necessary to change the chemical constitution and structure of the crosslinked polymer through modification. On the basis of studies conducted earlier, it was concluded that the most effective fillers for the production of vibration absorbing materials are those with a scaly or acicular morphology such as graphite, mica and wollastonite. To produce a constructional vibration absorbing material that can operated in the temperature range 60-170 degrees C, and which has increased service characteristics, a powder moulding composite is proposed based on SF-0112 novolak resin with a curing agent, fillers (mica, muscovite, and fine silica), and nepheline fireproofing agent. On the basis of this composite, a slab material called Composite-1 was produced by hot pressing. Properties of Composite-1 are tabulated and compared with those of Aterm-M. 3 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.11, 2001, p.35-6).
Title: IMPROVING THE THERMO-OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE
Page Range: T/78-80
Author(s): Lupezheva A O; Mashukov N I; Borukaev T A
File size: 40K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Due to the relatively low thermal stability of PBTP, its combination of physicochemical properties built into its structure is partially lost during processing from the melt. In view of this, investigations were carried out to improve the resistance of PBTP to heat and oxygen, and to lengthen its service life. Tests were carried out on Irgafos-168 and Ultranox-626 stabilisers, which were introduced into the initial dried grade of PBTP by extrusion compounding. For an accelerated comparative assessment of the thermal properties of stabilised polybutylene terephthalates and the effectiveness of the additives used as thermooxidative degradation inhibitors, thermogravimetric analysis was used. Results are discussed, which show the possibility of fairly effective stabilisation of PBTP using phosphorous-containing compounds. 7 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.11, 2001, pp.36-7).
Title: PROPERTIES OF FILLED EPOXY-NOVOLAC PLASTIC FOAMS
Page Range: T/81-83
Author(s): Dvorko I M
File size: 40K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Tests were carried out on the use of inorganic fillers introduced into epoxy-novolak plastic foams, as a means of increasing their physicomechanical properties and extending the range of service characteristics. The investigation was carried out on powder epoxy-novalak composite foams with very pure titanium dioxide powder, chemically pure silicon dioxide powder and ground glass microspheres as inorganic fillers. Results presented indicate that the most effective fillers for epoxy-novolak plastic foams are titanium dioxide and ground glass microspheres. Long term durability of the filled foams was tested during prolonged heat ageing at 85 and 100 degrees C. Comparative performance data are included for unfilled foams. 4 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.11, 2001, pp. 37-8).
Title: PHOSPHAZENE-CONTAINING COMPLEX OF BORON TRIFLUORIDE AS AN EFFECTIVE CURING AGENT FOR EPOXY OLIGOMERS
Page Range: T/84-86
Author(s): Mokhov V M; Konova O V
File size: 45K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
For the curing of epoxy composites, complex AFA-5 based on boron trifluoride and pentaallyloxydimethylaminocyclotriphosphazene was synthesised and introduced into epoxy composites in order to produce materials with increased thermal and service characteristics. During the curing of epoxy oligomers, the synthesised complex not only fulfils the role of curing agent, but also carries out the functions of an elasticising agent. Single-packing composites based on epoxy oligomers and a phosphazene-containing complex compound are shown to be capable of being stored without changes in properties for 6 months, retaining their capacity for rapid curing. The developed composite is claimed to be suitable for the production of casting compounds and bonding agents with increased strength. 10 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.11, 2001, pp.39-40).