Back SearchTitle: VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF RUBBER COMPOUNDS FOR TYRE APPLICATIONS
Page Range: T/1-7
Author(s): Muraoko K
File size: 122K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
Trends in tyre design and development are briefly discussed, and the use is described of simulation techniques for the development of tyre designs and constructions in order to provide a quick method of product evaluation. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the determination of the viscoelastic properties of rubber compounds in order to ascertain their suitability for tyres with particular respect to the development of a fuel efficient tyre. By using the viscoelastic characteristics of each of the tyre components, the rolling resistance of the tyre and the contribution of each of the components can be computed, and the friction characteristics of the cornering forces etc., generated by the tyre while the tyre is in motion, can be calculated. In addition, simulation of the deformability and heat generation of tyre components when the tyre is punctured, can be useful for the analysis of the behaviour of the vehicle as a whole, and for determining the required material strength and structure, including the choice of fillers and tread rubbers. 38 refs. (Article translated from Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi, No.6, 2001, p.242)
Title: INFLUENCE OF AN AMINE STABILISER ON THE OXIDATION OF POLYETHYLENE IN CONTACT WITH COPPER
Page Range: T/8-11
Author(s): Lin D G; Vorob'eva
File size: 50K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
The catalysis of oxidation of polyethylene in contact with metals is reported to be primarily caused by the transfer into the polymer of metal-containing compounds. An investigation is reported into the use of antioxidants to suppress polymer oxidation. LDPE specimens coated onto a copper substrate and PE films filled with fine-particle copper were used in tests to investigate the mechanism of an oxidation-inhibiting additive Neozon D, (phenylnaphthylamine) amine stabiliser. The mechanism of polymer oxidation inhibition by amine stabilisers is demonstrated to rely on the process of autocatalytic oxidation, and the induction period of oxidation of PE inhibited with amine stabiliser is shown to increase in contact with copper or its compounds, which are the products of contact reactions. It is therefore assumed that the increase in the inhibiting action of the amine stabiliser is caused by the formation of chelate complexes by interaction with the copper or its compounds. 11 refs. (Article translated from Polimery, No.1, 2002, pp.9).
Title: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF COPOLYMERS OF VINYL ACETATE AND UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS USING IR SPECTROSCOPY
Page Range: T/12-14
Author(s): Sarkisyan V V; Khechoyan S A; Tavakalyan N B; Farmazyan Z M; Voskanyan P S
File size: 40K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
The use of IR spectroscopy is described for the study of the structures of copolymers of vinyl acetate with unsaturated carboxylic acid, and for the quantitative analysis of their composition. The purpose of the study was to develop a spectral analysis method of analysis of the composition of copolymers of vinyl acetate with acrylic acid and crotonic acids. The copolymers were synthesised by aqueous suspension copolymerisation in the presence of a benzoyl peroxide initiator, and their composition was determined by a preliminary chemical method. Selection of the analytical absorption bands is described. 3 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.1, 2002, pp.11).
Title: REGULATING THE PROPERTIES OF ED-20 EPOXY RESIN WITH URETHANE OLIGOMERS
Page Range: T/15-18
Author(s): Sumenkova O D; Osipchik V S; Lebedeva E D; Ivanova E N
File size: 70K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
Modification of resins based on epoxy oligomers is carried out for the production of cold-hardening sealing compounds with high adhesion. In this study, a resin is used which consists of ED-20 epoxy resin and a vulcanising agent Etal-45 based on aromatic amines. The modifiers used were urethane oligomers with differing end groups - hydroxyl and epoxy. From the data presented, it is seen that with an increase in the content of oligourethane modifiers with hydroxyl end groups up to 30 parts by mass and with epoxy end groups up to 20 pbm, the adhesion strength increases by about 150% for all curing times. The decrease in adhesive strength with further increase in the concentration of oligourethanes is said to be due to the change in number of reactive groups and also to a change in the macroheterogeneity of the system. A high adhesion strength combined with a reduction to a minimum of the internal stresses can be achieved in the formation of adhesive joints in conditions where the rate of relaxation of internal stresses and of the formation of the polymers are comparable. The introduction of modifiers into the system reduces the level of residual stresses over the whole range of curing times by 66-84% as compared with the unmodified epoxy polymer. 8 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.1, 2002, pp.13).
Title: STUDY OF THE RIGIDITY AND DAMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF EPOXY BINDERS USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF DYNAMICALLY SIMILAR MODEL MODELS
Page Range: T/19-23
Author(s): Smotrova S A
File size: 52K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
For the correct determination of the flutter boundary of aircraft from the results of investigations of dynamically similar models (DSMs) in continuous-action aerodynamic circulation tubes (ADCT), it is important to accurately reproduce the rigidity and damping characteristics in compositional models, and for the properties of the materials used in the production of models to be researched under the same conditions as apply in the ADCT. This study investigates the relationship between the chemical composition and structure and the rigidity and damping properties of the binder resin, and the dependence of the rigidity and damping properties of binders on temperature. Experimental data obtained demonstrates that in the production of dynamically similar models tested in a continuous-action aerodynamic tube in the temperature range +20 - 60 degrees C, and having low damping properties and high rigidity characteristics which change little with increases in temperature, it is necessary to use a binder based on epoxy resin with a small addition of active thinner-plasticiser, cured with aliphatic amine curing agent at 60-62 degrees C for five hours. 11 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.1, 2002, pp.15)
Title: DURABILITY OF MODIFIED HIGH-PRESSURE POLYETHYLENE UNDER THE SIMULTANEOUS ACTION OF MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL FORCE FIELDS
Page Range: T/24-26
Author(s): Abassov T F; Salmanov M A
File size: 30K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
The durability of modified high-pressure HDPE is tested under the simultaneous action of mechanical and electrical force fields. Changes in mechanical strength of HDPE and HDPE modified with a 0.1 mass % of dehydrated naphthalene petroleum, (DNP) were studied using extrusion blow moulded films on industrial aggregate. A testing cell was attached to the mechanical testing device to ensure that the specimen in the loaded state was subjected to the effect of electrical discharges. The incorporation of a sufficiently small amount of the luminophore DNP into the HDPE gave effective photoluminescent modification, and specimens of modified HDPE when treated with a negative corona were shown to accumulate charges and thus acquire an electret state. It is thus established, that compared to the initial HDPE, the treated polymer variant, subjected in a mechanically stressed state to the action of a high electric field and discharges, shows an increase in resistance to the complex effects of external physical factors. 7 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.1, 2002, pp.23).
Title: PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN SUSPENSION POLYMERISATION OF MONOMERS DISSOLVING THEIR POLYMER
Page Range: T/27-29
Author(s): Kireev V V; Sharshakova Y V; Savel'yanov V P; Klochkov A N
File size: 42K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
The behaviour of monomers which dissolve their polymer is investigated as part of a study into the influence of different factors on the particle size distribution during suspension polymerisation of VA. These factors are bath modulus, concentration of stabiliser (PVA) and initiator (benzoyl peroxide). The rate at which polymerisation takes place is shown to be a factor in the development of particles of larger sizes, with slower rates leading to the presence of fractions of larger diameter, and it is found that the chemical and thermophysical properties of the monomers and of the corresponding polymers play a secondary role in the formation of the final polymodal particle size distribution. 11 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.1, 2002, pp.25).
Title: STUDY OF THE STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES OF CELLULOSE HYDRATE FILMS OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLULOSE
Page Range: T/30-33
Author(s): Kovarskii A L; Khanchich O A; Loshadkin D V; Rozantsev E G
File size: 153K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
A comparative study is reported of work carried out to analyse the structural characteristics of cellulose hydrate recycled from viscose solutions of wood and bagasse cellulose. The research is aimed at determining the selection of the raw material composition of cellulose hydrate materials obtained from different types of cellulose, in order to regulate its properties. Test methods employed were polarisation microscopy, small angle light scattering and the spin probe method. 9 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.1, 2002, pp.25).
Title: PATTERNS OF ADHESION OF MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS TO FIBROUS SUBSTRATES
Page Range: T/34-39
Author(s): Timofeeva M Y; Dolomatov M Y
File size: 63K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
Composite materials based on textile fibres bonded to a reinforcing base are investigated in a work which studies the adhesion of solutions of polymers to fibres within the framework of a semi-empirical thermodynamic model of adhesion. Investigations were carried out on solutions of PVA and polymethyl cellulose in distilled water and multicomponent polymer systems (MCPSs) The latter were solutions of PE or PP in strongly non-ideal multicomponent media. Substrates used were synthetic polyester fibre, viscose fibre and glass fibre. The semi-empirical model proposed, describes the interaction of adhesive with substrate within the framework of ideas of adhesion as the isobaric expansion of a two-dimensional non-ideal polymer gas in the field of molecular forces of the substrate. The adequacy of the model is confirmed by the linear dependence of adhesion on temperature and its non-linear dependence on the concentration of the polymer solution on fibre substrates when aqueous solutions of polymers and MCPSs are used as adhesives. 7 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2002, pp.4-7)
Title: FOAMS BASED ON MODIFIED POWDER NOVOLAC PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE COMPOSITES
Page Range: T/40-42
Author(s): Dvorko I M; Shchemeleva L V
File size: 58K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
Tests were carried out on foams based on modified powder novolac phenol-formaldehyde composites to determine ways in which durability, thermal and dimensional stability could be improved. Novolac phenol-formaldehyde foaming composites were modified with furfuralacetone oligomer, (FA-15 grade). Preliminary assessment of the interaction of novolac phenol-formaldehyde and furfuralacetone oligomers was carried out from the content of gel fraction in mixtures cured at 200 degrees C with and without curing agent hexamethylene tetramine, and in the absence of a blowing agent. A study of specimens of modified plastic foams with different contents of FA-15 by differential thermal analysis confirmed an increase in thermal stability and heat resistance. The modified plastic foams also possessed increased shape stability. 8 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2002, pp.8-9).
Title: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF BLENDS OF POLY-3-OXYBUTYRATE AND BINARY ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE COPOLYMER
Page Range: T/43-45
Author(s): Tertyshnaya Y V; Ol'khov A A; Shibryaeva L S
File size: 50K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
One of the most promising so-called 'green polymers' is reported to be poly-3-oxybutyrate (POB) which can be synthesised by different organisms. The polymer is one of the poly-3-oxyalkanoates, and has high biocompatibility and is capable of biodecomposition, Its use in food packaging and pharmaceutical applications in pure forms is inhibited by its cost and brittleness. This work, therefore, presents a new material based on a blend of POB and ethylene-propylene copolymer. The thermophysical characteristics of blends of different ratios are presented, which demonstrate that in blends with a 50:50 ratio, phase inversion is observed and specimens with a predominance of ethylene-propylene copolymer have an extensive interphase layer, on account of which a fall in the degree of crystallinity of POB and the absence of additivity for the mechanical properties are observed. It is thus established that the physicomechanical properties are determined largely by the predominant phase of the blend. 6 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2002,pp.10-11).
Title: FEATURES OF THE IMPREGNATION PROCESS AND PROPERTIES OF CARBON AND GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTICS WITH AN EPOXY BINDER
Page Range: T/46-48
Author(s): Panimatchenko A D; Burlov V V; Kryzhanovskii V K
File size: 48K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
A study is made of the interaction of the reinforcing filler and binder at the stage of prepreg preparation with reference to carbon fibre and glass fibres and an epoxy binder. The prepreg was produced by impregnation of the reinforcing fillers with lacquer on the basis of 50-55 parts binder to 50 parts fabric. The physicomechanical properties of the reinforced plastics were determined, and also chemical resistance. The sorption difference of glass and carbon fibres are examined, and the sorption selectivity of fibre fillers impregnated from solution is confirmed by thermal relaxation spectra. Corresponding chemical resistance for CFRP and GRP is discussed. 3 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2002, pp.12-3).
Title: BINDERS FOR POLYMER COMPOSITES
Page Range: T/49-61
Author(s): Mikhailin Y A; Kerber M L; Gorbunova I Y
File size: 112K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
The selection of polymeric binders for composite materials is discussed, and the nature and function of the matrix and filler of the composite is described. The role of the matrix in the creation of a functional polymer composite is examined, and factors affecting the nature of the interphase layer which occurs at the contact of the binder with the filler, are discussed, including selection of fillers and surface treatment of the filler. Properties of polymeric binders are tabulated, with particular reference to their use as metal replacements. 4 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2002, pp.14-21).
Title: NEW FLAME-RETARDANT MODIFIERS FOR EPOXY RESINS
Page Range: T/62-64
Author(s): Idrisova S Sh
File size: 40K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
In order to produce flame retardant epoxy resins, new flame retardant modifiers were synthesised. The synthesis is described of imide (III) and carboxybenzimidazole (IV) of trans-4,5-dibromocyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. The epoxy composites were prepared with a ratio of components (parts by weight) of 80-95 parts epoxy resin, 5-15 parts flame retardant modifier III, IV or a blend thereof. Tests showed that flame retardant modifiers III, IV or blend thereof provided the composites with a self-extinguishing capacity, adhesion, high dielectric indices, and crack resistance. Best ratios are suggested. 2 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2002, pp.21-2).
Title: CONVERSION OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE DURING TREATMENT IN AN AUTOCLAVE IN WATER VAPOUR
Page Range: T/65-70
Author(s): Panasyuk G P; Khaddazh M; Privalov V I; Miroshnichenko I V
File size: 94K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
An investigation is reported into the properties of recycled PETP films obtained from clean bottles and treated in water vapour at temperatures of 180 degrees and 210 degrees C and saturated water pressure. The selected conditions do not make it possible to produce homogeneous terephthalic acid, and depending on the time of steam heat treatment the material is shown to have a considerable number of functional groups that are not typical of the initial polymer and of terephthalic acid, and with processes of change in the structure of the PETP such as crystallisation and degradation occurring. In the final product there are fragments produced by degradation of the initial polymer. It can, however, be used as a valuable feedstock for the implementation of new processes, in particular for the production of polyester resins, it is claimed. 9 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2002, pp.27-31).
Title: SURFACE LAYER AND FRICTION OF ELASTOMERS
Page Range: T/71-78
Author(s): Bielinski D
File size: 193K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 12
Abstract
The frictional properties of elastomers is studied with respect to the chemical and physical structure of the surface layer of vulcanisates of polyisoprenes differing in their degree of crosslink sulphidity. The results of the investigation confirm the existence of a connection between the tribological properties of cis-1,4-polyisoprene vulcanisates and the structure of their surface layer. A discussion is included of the problem of friction of elastomers from the point of view of the surface gradient of the mechanical properties (hardness), and the migration of low-molecular components of the crosslinking system, and the products of vulcanisation on the surface of the material. 41 refs. (Article translated from Polimery, No.10, 2001, p.684).