Back SearchTitle: INJECTION MOULDING OF SILICONE RUBBER
Page Range: T/1-4
Author(s): Hunold D
File size: 80K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
The injection moulding of silicone rubbers both in liquid and solid forms is described, with particular reference to the design of injection moulding machines by Krauss-Maffei for the purpose. The company's C-series are modular designs which can be customised to meet the special requirements of silicone processing. Silicone rubber in block form requires forced conveying to feed it to the plasticising unit. The AZ Polyload screw feeding module is suitable for this. Injection moulding machines for processing solid silicone rubber from the Polyset series are built with clamping forces of 400 to 6500 kN, and there is a choice of 7 injection units with an energy capability factor of from 200 to 1900 and Polyload material feed units with a theoretical capacity of 50 and 100 l. Injection moulding machines for processing liquid silicone rubber have injection units specially adapted for the material. They are fitted with a special LSR screw designed for low viscosity, to ensure intensive mixing of raw materials. Machines from the Silcoset series are built with clamping forces of up to 2000 kN and there are four injection units with an energy capability factor of from 55 to 700. 1 ref. (Article translated from Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe, No.10, 2001, pp.690)
Title: BONDING OF SMD COMPONENTS WITH LIGHT-CURING ADHESIVES BY RADIATION TRANSMISSION. PART 1
Page Range: T/5-12
Author(s): Ehrenstein G W
File size: 125K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
Investigations were carried out into the bonding of SMD components using a light curing epoxy resin adhesive and a variety of substrate materials having differing light transmission characteristics. In order to reduce the time of the adhesive process and for the simultaneous bonding of SMD components with the application of light curing adhesives, radiation transmission techniques were employed. The basic relationships are identified between the curing process or degree of cure of the adhesive applied and the process parameters relevant to metering and assembly. It was found that radiation curing requires the materials to be within a wavelength length range of between 400 nm and 550 nm to initiate polymerisation of the adhesive, and that the absorption-induced heat evolution observed in certain substrate materials, may be selectively used to accelerate curing. 7 refs. (Article translated from Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe, No.11, 2001, pp.728).
Title: TESTING OF TWO-COMPONENT INJECTION MOULDED POLYPROPYLENE SPECIMENS. 1. PRINCIPLES OF TWO-COMPONENT MOULDING
Page Range: T/13-16
Author(s): Kracs G; Frojimovics G
File size: 56K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
A brief survey of the development of injection moulding techniques is presented, with special reference to the latest developments in two component injection moulding. The advantages of the technique are described, and include the opportunity for new design possibilities, shorter cycle times, material economies, tailoring of properties and the production of high quality products. The practical use of different shell-core pairs in two-component injection moulding is indicated with reference to material pairs, examples of use and advantages afforded. 10 refs. (Article translated from Muanyag es Gumi, No.9, 2001, pp. 342).
Title: FRICTION AND WEAR OF ENGINEERING PLASTICS MEASURED ON A DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON COATING AND A STEEL SURFACE. 1
Page Range: T/17-26
Author(s): Zsidai L; Kalacska G; Vercammen K; van Acker K; Meneve J; de Baets P
File size: 230K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
Results are reported of a series of tests carried out to determine the frictional properties of engineering plastics by the measurement of small and large test specimens on a steel and diamond-like carbon coating surface. The objective was to compare the friction properties of a surface provided with a diamond-like carbon coating with measurements obtained on a steel surface as a function of the engineering plastic used, and to examine the practical possibilities of the diamond-like coating. Plastics tested included polyamides, polyacetals, and PETP/PTFE. (Article translated from Muanyag es Gumi, No.10, 2001, p.383).
Title: NEW TYPE OF TYRE TESTER. EVALUATION OF TREAD WEAR RESISTANCE BY LABORATORY TESTING
Page Range: T/27-34
Author(s): Koike A; Kobayashi I; Furuta I; Yamazaki S
File size: 91K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
The development of the FKK wear tester for the laboratory testing of the wear resistance of tyre treads is described, and results are compared to those obtained from actual road driving conditions. The factors to be taken into account in the evaluation of tyre tread rubber to achieve precise reproduction in the laboratory of the results of on-road wear resistance testing are considered, together with a review of the principles of measurement involved in the design of the FKK tyre tester. 31 refs. (Article translated from Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi, No.1, 2001, pp.6-11)
Title: DEGRADATION AND STABILISATION OF LIQUID CRYSTALLINE COPOLYMERS
Page Range: T/35-40
Author(s): Kalugina E V; Novotortseva T I; Andreeva M B; Blyumenfel'd; Urman Y G' Narkon A L
File size: 95K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
An investigation is reported into liquid crystalline copolyesters based on dioxyldiphenyl diacetate and acetoxybenzoic and iso- and terephthalic acids with different contents of the initial monomers, with respect to thermal stability and degradation. These properties were studied at processing temperatures, and an analysis was made of the kinetics of weight losses, oxygen absorption, and formation of gaseous and heavy products of thermooxidative degradation. Results obtained showed that by the introduction of a stabiliser, it was possible to slow th thermal oxidation of liquid crystal polymers by more than a factor of 2. 14 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2001, pp.41-4).
Title: USE OF ARMLEN PP SV-30 GLASS-FILLED POLYPROPYLENE IN PLASTIC COMPONENTS OF GAZ VEHICLES
Page Range: T/41
Author(s): Kornilova L V; Barsukova O L; Nikolaeva N N; Kuznetsova I G; Lunin A S
File size: 18K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
Benefits of the use of Armlen glass filled composites based on PP in under-the-bonnet applications are described with reference to use by the GAZ Open Joint Stock Company. GAZ OJSC uses Armlen PP SV-30-1 and SV-30-2T produced by Poliplastik. Compared to mineral filled PP and glass filled nylon-66, glass fibre-reinforced PP is reported to provide increased rigidity, thermal stability and impact strength. Applications are briefly described in the tanks of engine cooling radiators and heater and drain pipes. The material is also resistant to anti-freeze. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2001, pp.45-6).
Title: USE OF POLYMER COMPOSITES IN MOTOR VEHICLE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND LIGHTING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Page Range: T/43-45
Author(s): Lunin A S; Snesarevskii P V
File size: 25K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
Examples are given of domestic grades of thermoplastic and elastic composites which provide the necessary performance properties for use in autoelectrical and vehicle lighting applications. Applications are described for grades of Armamid polyamides, Armlen polyolefins, and Armoten polybutylene terephthalate. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2001, pp.46-7)
Title: THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Page Range: T/46
Author(s): Poletaev V A; Lunin A S
File size: 18K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
Thermoplastics modified with glass fibre, mineral or hybrid fillers, developed by the 'Poliplastik' Scientific and Production Enterprise (Moscow) have been used in components of the internal combustion engines of GAZ UAZ and VAZ motor vehicles, and tractors and motorcycles. The composites are based on nylon-6 (Armamid) and polypropylene (Armlen). Examples are given of applications which include helical-toothed camshaft and balancing gears with a moulded tooth from glass filled nylon-6; water pump impellers produced from glass and mineral filled PP; pulleys for the hydraulic actuator of the steering wheel and water pump produced from hybrid filled nylon-6; pipes for measuring the oil level, manufactured from elasticised nylon-6; an oil filling pipe cap made from glass filled nylon-6. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2001, pp.48)
Title: USE OF 'POLIPLASTIK' MATERIALS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOTOR VEHICLE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Page Range: T/47-48
Author(s): Snesarevskii V P
File size: 31K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
The use of materials developed at Poliplastik by the Kaluga Motor Vehicle Electrical Equipment Works is described. The company wanted to use quality materials to ensure property retention and durability in its finished motor vehicle electrical equipment. Considerable use is made of glass filled polyamides, both based on nylon-6 and nylon-6,6 (Armamid grades). These materials provided dimensional stability in the production of gears and fan impellers. Armlen PP composites have been used to replace expensive imported Noril in the production of heater fans for vehicles, and other grades were used to manufacture the pump for feeding hot Tosol antifreeze into the heating system of the vehicle. ABS is also being replaced with different Armlen grades which are reported to have higher thermal stability and strength characteristics at a lower price. Properties are compared for ABS 2020 and mineral filled Armlen. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2001, pp.48-9)
Title: EXPERIENCE IN THE USE OF CONSTRUCTIONAL THERMOPLASTICS IN BEARING CONSTRUCTION
Page Range: T/49-51
Author(s): Glan I G
File size: 25K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
The main requirements of separator materials for use in bearings are discussed, together with details of the suitability of glass filled polyamides, and in particular, Armamid PA SV 30-1 ETM for the separators of axle box bearings for railway wagons. The material has been successfully tested as a replacement for brass separators in axle box bearings. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2001, pp.49-51).
Title: ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN THE USE OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS FOR MOTOR VEHICLE COMPONENTS
Page Range: T/52-54
Author(s): Lunin A S; Ponomareva T V; Lunina O B
File size: 25K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
The work of Poliplastik is discussed with reference to the development of environmentally friendly substitutes for materials commonly used in automotive applications. Some of the problems relating to leaching or migration of additives, difficulties in recycling, and environmental pollution during production are claimed to have been overcome by the introduction of thermoplastic composite materials based on PP, nylon-6 and 6,6, and PBTP, developed by Poliplastik. Armlen PP SV 30 is used for the manufacture of radiator tanks and in other components coming into contact with hot antifreeze. Armamid PA SM 25-2AP a glass fibre reinforced nylon 6 is being used for vehicle ashtrays. The characteristics of nylon and PP composites which make them environmentally preferable are outlined. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2001, pp.51-2).
Title: CONTROLLING THE PROCESSABILITY OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS
Page Range: T/55-62
Author(s): Kalinchev E L
File size: 111K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
The importance is examined of the ability to control the processability of polymeric materials in addition to the ability to control certain service properties. The Poliplastik Scientific and Production Enterprise is currently developing its own materials based on PP (Armlen), nylons 6 and 66 (Armamid) and PBTP (Armoten), and is reported to be concentrating on the creation of grades to ensure consistent processability. Different grades are being created for processing by different methods, and the development is discussed of requirements concerning the admissible spread of viscosity indices within a single prescribed grade. A solution to the problem of calculating the spread of properties of the polymer in terms of viscosity is illustrated with reference to moulding grades of PP, PA6, PA66 and PBTP. 1 ref. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2001, pp.53-7)
Title: INFLUENCE OF THE SITE OF THE RUNNER ON THE WARPAGE OF AN INJECTION MOULDED ARTICLE MADE FROM GLASS FIBRE FILLED MATERIAL
Page Range: T/63-65
Author(s): Barvinskii I A; Barvinskaya I E
File size: 60K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
The warpage of glass fibre reinforced plastics is investigated with reference to the influence of the site of the runner in the moulding of a motor vehicle radiator tank. The orientation of the glass fibre is determined in many ways by the choice of the site of the runner. Finite element analysis methods are used to model the orientation of the fibre filler in the polymer matrix and also the shrinkage and deformation behaviour of the moulding. The material tested was a composite based on polypropylene grade Armlen PP SV 2T produced by Poliplastik. Three runner sites were examined. Calculations showed that the transverse rigidity of the radiator tank can be increased considerably and the warpage along the Y axis reduced, by the introduction of transverse internal or external ribs. 6 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2001, pp.57-8).
Title: ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR ASSESSING CRACK RESISTANCE OF BONDED JOINTS
Page Range: T/66-72
Author(s): Builov S V; Koryagin S I; Maklakhova I S
File size: 92K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
The crack resistance of adhesively bonded joints is examined with reference to the use of the double cantilever beam test method. It involves the use of a specimen with beams having a constant cross-section along their length, loaded with flexible moments. Experimental studies of the crack resistance of bonded joints were carried out using epoxy resin adhesives, and results are compared to identify those adhesives having a high resistance to crack development under repeated static loading. 38 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.7, 2001, pp.42).
Title: PULTRUSION AS AN EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR MAKING SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS FROM FIBRE-REINFORCED PLASTICS
Page Range: T/73-77
Author(s): Krywult B
File size: 86K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
Factors influencing the quality of semi-finished products made by pultrusion of fibre-reinforced plastics, are considered. Emphasis is given to the importance of the optimum selection of fibrous reinforcements and the mechanical characteristics of the resin matrix material, together with the use of suitable pultrusion equipment, and control of the curing process. Problems encountered during pultrusion are discussed, and solutions are reviewed from information available in the literature and from the author's own experiences. 9 refs. (Article translated from Polimery, No.10, 2001, pp.673).
Title: KINETICS OF CRYSTALLISATION OF POLYMERS - A REVIEW
Page Range: T/78-86
Author(s): Sajkiewicz P
File size: 101K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
A review is presented of the kinetics of crystallisation with reference to published theories relating to the process of crystallisation and the classical theory of nucleation. The existence is established of different nucleation mechanisms: athermal, thermal, and heterogeneous nucleation, which in conjunction with relaxation effects in the thermal mechanism, leads to pronounced time dependence of crystallisation rates during isothermal and non-isothermal crystallisation of polymers. It is shown that the commonly used stationary and quasi-stationary models of crystallisation kinetics are not capable of describing such complex processes. 57 refs. (Article translated from Polimery, No.11-12, 2001, pp.768)
Title: SOME METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN ASSESSING THE ADHESIVE PROPERTIES OF SURFACE LAYERS OF PLASTICS
Page Range: T/87-93
Author(s): Kuczmaszewski J
File size: 82K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
A review is presented of test methods by which to investigate the adhesive properties of the surface layer of plastics, with reference to some of the shortcomings found during their use. A method is proposed, which is based on the dynamic measurement of the wetting angle during motion of a plate as it is withdrawn from the measuring liquid. The main factors affecting the adhesive properties of polymer material surface layers at different structural levels and in relation to selected structural parameters, are considered. 15 refs. (Article translated from Polimery, No.11-12, 2001, pp.792).