Back SearchTitle: COMPOUNDING COMPETENCE CENTRE - ITS IMPORTANCE FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF A COMPOUND MANUFACTURER
Page Range: T/1-6
Author(s): Grefen J
File size: 124K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
The importance of a quality compounding organisation is discussed with reference to the requirements of the car industry, and the activities of GFD Elastomere GmbH. Requirements levied by the European car industry on extruded elastomers will become even more stringent in future. Complex EPDM profiles with multiphase systems, hard/soft combinations and foam rubber properties will have to be produced with minimum tolerances and zero surface defects. For these reasons, the traditional mixing room is being replaced with innovative core competence centres which are able to meet the highest demands of technical competence, provide state-of-the-art mixing technology, and demonstrate expertise in raw materials and formulation. The production of EPDM automotive seals of various types is discussed with reference to the benefits offered by compounding competence centres. (Article translated from Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe, No.12, 2001, pp.806)
Title: FLOCKING OF RUBBER PROFILES FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
Page Range: T/7-12
Author(s): Wefringhaus R
File size: 153K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
The electrostatic flocking of rubber profiles used in automotive applications is discussed. Flocked rubber profiles are used extensively on car doors, sunroofs and windows. Their functions are to seal with the bodywork and facilitate the opening and closing functions with a low degree of force. This article provides a brief explanation of the theoretical and practical aspects of rubber flocking. 12 refs. (Article translated from Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe, No.12, 2001, pp.827).
Title: STUDY OF THE SYNTHESIS OF PROPYLENE OXIDE RUBBER
Page Range: T/13-15
Author(s): Andreeva V Y; Nasyrov I S; Bazhenov Y P; Petrunina A V; Khvostik G M; Vasil'ev V A
File size: 50K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
The chemistry of the reaction of copolymerisation of propylene oxide, (PO) and allylglycidyl ester, (AGE) to produce propylene oxide rubber is studied. Rubber articles produced from propylene oxide rubber are characterised by temperature stability, oil, petrol and ozone resistance, and high strength. The study focuses on the influence of the monomer concentration in the charge and the amount of catalytic complex on the monomer conversion and the molecular parameters of the copolymers, and the optimum AGE content of the copolymer for the production of vulcanisates with satisfactory physicomechanical properties. An increase in the allylglycidyl ester component is shown to create a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity, nominal tensile strength, breaking elongation and tension set in the copolymer. It is determined that a copolymer with satisfactory physicomechanical properties can be produced with a PO/AGE molar ratio of 100:2. 6 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.5, 2001, pp.2).
Title: STUDY OF THE KINETICS OF DEHYDROCHLORINATION OF CHLORINE-CONTAINING POLYMERS
Page Range: T/16-18
Author(s): Zhovner N A; Zhovner T P; Chernook S I
File size: 61K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
Chlorine-containing polymers are widely used to modify composites based on unsaturated elastomers and saturated elastomers. Chemical reactions with the participation of chlorine and hydrogen chloride are determining reactions in the formation of the structure and properties of composites. The kinetics of the dehydrochlorination of chlorine-containing polymers is reported from a study of different chorine-containing polymers under identical conditions. The study was carried out on PVC, chlorinated natural polyisoprene, chlorinated polychloroprene, chlorinated PE, poly-1,1,2-trichloro-1,4-butadiene, chlorosulphonated PE, sulphur- and tetraethylthiuram disulphide-regulated polychloroprene, thiol-regulated polychloroprene, and chlorobutyl rubber. In all cases investigated, the kinetics of dehydrochlorination is described by the equation of a first-order chemical reaction. The process of dehydrochlorination took place in the temperature range of 140-200 +/- 0.2 degrees C. Atmospheric air was blown through a sample of polymer dispersed in the form of crumbs. The HCl released was by caught by distilled water, and the HCL concentration was determined potentiometrically. 5 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.5, 2001, pp.4).
Title: EVALUATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF ELASTOMER COMPOSITES CONTAINING MODIFIED RUBBER CRUMBS
Page Range: T/19-22
Author(s): Vashchenko Y N; Aleksandrov A G; Sirchenko I A; Zakharov Y I
File size: 55K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
Modifying-regenerating compositions were developed for the treatment of scrap rubbers, in particular, buffing rubber crumbs, which can be subsequently used in elastomer composites. The task of the present work is to evaluate the properties of rubber compounds containing crumb rubber treated with the developed modifying-regenerating compositions. The investigation was carried out on rubber crumbs produced by the mill comminution of model elastomer composites based on butadiene-methylstyrene rubber, and on buffing rubber crumbs of different fractions. The regenerating compounds were organic disulphides used in the rubber industry as components of vulcanising groups. In the role of activators, a study was made of surfactants of the aliphatic or aromatic amine class, accelerating the decomposition of disulphide bonds and exhibiting a modifying action in elastomer systems. Formulations are given, and properties of vulcanisates containing modified crumbs are shown to possess higher wear resistance compared to those compounded with unmodified crumbs. The introduction of up to 30 wt.% crumbs treated with the modifying composition is claimed to produce rubbers capable of meeting the standard requirements for the given type of rubber. 11 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.5, 2001, pp.6).
Title: USE OF HIGH-QUALITY FINELY COMMINUTED WOLLASTONITE AS A FILLER FOR RUBBER MIXES
Page Range: T/23-25
Author(s): Negmatov N S; Ibadullaev U M
File size: 70K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
A study is reported of the use of wollastonite concentrate, (WC) and high purified and finely comminuted wollastonite, (HPFCW) from the Koitashski field as a filler for rubber mixes in place of aluminosilicate fillers. To compare the properties of HPFCW, WC and Eleninsk kaolin, standard model mixes based on polyisoprene, polychloroprene and butadiene-methylstyrene rubber were prepared. The specific adsorption surface of the fillers was determined by means of low-temperature adsorption from a nitrogen-helium mixture under dynamic conditions. It was shown that the plastoelastic properties of the rubber mixes depended on the type and content of the filler studies. For all specimens investigated, with increase in the amount of filler, there is an increase in the relative residual strain and hardness and a reduction in elasticity. On the basis of results obtained, production formulations have been developed for model compounds filled with HPFCW for the production of mechanical rubber goods. Processing and physicomechanical properties are given. 7 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.5, 2001, pp.9-11).
Title: HIGH-COHESION SEALING COMPOSITES BASED ON SOLUTION-POLYMERISED BUTYL RUBBER
Page Range: T/26-28
Author(s): Afanas'ev S V; Chugunov A F
File size: 41K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
A method is described which has been developed for controlling the quality of butyl rubber mastics, based on the use of solution-polymerised butyl rubber containing 5-9 wt.% gel fraction and with a broadened molecular weight distribution. Such sealants have been developed to replace cold bitumen-butyl rubber mastics, which, on account of their low nominal tensile strength, are used in combination with reinforcing fabrics, which raises the cost of any repair work undertaken using them. Therefore, the influence of the fractional composition of solution-polymerised butyl rubber on the strength of characteristics of filled composites, is investigated. 6 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.5, 2001,p.11-2).
Title: POLYURETHANE SEALANTS
Page Range: T/29-30
Author(s): Elchueva A D; Nazipov M M; Tabachkov A A
File size: 36K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
Polyurethane sealants have been developed using waste products from polyurethane foam production. The influence of the content of the components and their composition on the physicomechanical properties of the composite is reported. The effect is also studied of the catalyst on the curing time of the polyurethanes sealants, and the optimum amount of catalyst has been established. The change in the physicomechanical properties of sealing composites as a function of the amount and nature of the filler is investigated with reference to the use f carbon black and whiting. 3 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.5, 2001, pp.12-4).
Title: USE OF WASTE OILS IN POLYSULPHIDE SEALANTS
Page Range: T/31-34
Author(s): Fomina L I; Averko-Antonovich I Y; Smirnov A A; Averko-Antonovich L A
File size: 58K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
The use is investigated of demulsification products of spent lubricant/coolants in polysulphide sealants. The lubricant-coolants are used in the treatment of metals and their possible recycling is a fairly complex problem. Three types of lubricant-coolants including Emul'sol were investigated, and a study was made of the combined action of inorganic coagulants and an a.c. electric field for breaking down of water-oil emulsion of spent lubricant-coolants. Aluminium, calcium and copper sulphates, magnesium chloride and calcium oxide were used as inorganic coagulants. The optimum composition of a complex coagulant including copper sulphate and calcium oxide was established. To accelerate flocculation of the oil, electric current was also used, and after complex chemical and electrochemical action, the content of the oil in the purified liquid was no more than 14 mg/l, and the degree of purification reached 97 +/-5%. This oil phase isolated from the spent lubricant-coolant and unsuitable for direct use is proposed as a component of widely used sealants based on polysulphide oligomers. The procedure for preparation of the composites is described, together with the properties of the sealants. 7 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.5, 2001,pp.14-6).
Title: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRODUCTION OF FILLED COMPOSITES BASED ON BUTADIENE-VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE LATEX
Page Range: T/35-38
Author(s): Galimullin A I; Averko-Antonovich I Y; Samuilov Y D
File size: 62K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
This paper describes the development and investigation of filled composites based on butadiene-vinylidene chloride latex, for use primarily in the building industry as adhesives, coatings and constructional materials. A study was made of different types of high molecular weight additive to act as a thickener in adhesive formulations, in particular, sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose. The dependences of the viscosity of Na-CMC solutions on their concentration, the amount of electrolytes, and temperature were studied. In addition, the possibility of combining the latex with cement was investigated, and additional stabilisation was found to be necessary, and oxyethylated alkylphenol ionogenic surfactants were chosen as the stabiliser. 3 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.5, 2001,pp.17-9).
Title: COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE ELASTICITY OF RUBBERS
Page Range: T/39-42
Author(s): Khromov M K; Niazashvili
File size: 54K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
Test methods for the determination of the elasticity of rubbers are discussed and compared. The most common method are based on the principle of impact deformation of a specimen and measurement of the rebound of a pendulum or indenter. A number of methods for determining elasticity have been standardised. The values of elasticity and relative hysteresis determined by different methods for the same rubber compound at identical temperatures and similar loading rates differ considerably, it is reported, although these characteristics are not dependent, or are only slightly dependent, on the strain, and are unrelated to any mathematical processing of experimental results. In order to establish the causes of the inadequacy of the results of various tests,, several methods for determining elasticity and relative hysteresis were compared under conditions of homogeneous uniaxial elongation and with complex deformation regimes on an EDM-1 pendulum instrument, a KMR machine, a Schob machine, and EDM-2 machine and on a PPE instrument. 11 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.5, 2001, pp.19).
Title: INFLUENCE OF THE PADDLE RIDGE WIDTH OF BATCH MIXER ROTORS ON THE EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY OF THE PRODUCTION OF RUBBER MIXES
Page Range: T/43-46
Author(s): Shirikhev N I; Rasskazov A N; Trofimov A P; Skok V I
File size: 47K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
The efficiency of the mixing process and the quality of the rubber mixes in tyre rubber compounding carried out in internal mixers with oval rotors, depend to a large degree on the design of the main assemblies and the components of the internal mixer, including the rotor paddle ridge (RPRW). Results of an investigation are reported, which was carried out on a single-rotor experimental unit during the production of a model rubber mix based on butadiene-methylstyrene rubber and carbon black. It was found that the RPRW of the internal mixer and also the size of the radial gap between the wall of the mixing chamber and the rotor paddle ridge, the radius of the working surface of the rotor paddle, and the angle of entry of the materials to be mixed and the mix into the radial gap, determining the size and shape of the crescent-shaped space, are the main design factors affecting the efficiency of mix production and the mix quality. 9 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.5, 2001, pp.23-6).
Title: MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DISORDERED THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES
Page Range: T/47-51
Author(s): Garishin O K; Lebedev S N
File size: 62K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
The mechanical and strength behaviour of a polymer network depends on a large number of different factors, including the mechanical and strength properties of the polymer chains themselves, the non-uniformity of their lengths, the degree of crosslinking, the functionality of the crosslinked points, and the presence of defects in the network structure, amongst others. Allowance needs to be made for these factors, and to this end, a fairly simple model is developed by which to assess their contribution. A proposed model is thus described of a linear elastic disordered three-dimensional system, which allows for the inhomogeneity and complex topological nature of the polymer network, and enables quantitative estimates of the influence on the effective properties of the elastomer to be made. 6 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.5, 2001, pp.26-30).
Title: NON-LINEAR MECHANICS OF RUBBERS AND RUBBER-CORD COMPOSITES
Page Range: T/52-61
Author(s): Gamlitskii Y A
File size: 64K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
The non-linearity of the mechanical properties of rubbers filled with carbon black is claimed to not have received the attention of those involved in the development of mechanical rubber goods and tyres. This paper takes the form of a review of the problems of the non-linearity of the mechanical behaviour of rubbers and rubber-cord composites with reference to results of scientific research presented and discussed at the 1st-10th symposia on 'Problems of Tyres and Rubber-Cord Composites'. The emphasis of the papers is on the use of a phenomenological approach to the prediction of service life and behaviour under real service conditions. Thus trends of a more rigorous approach have been adopted to describe the non-linear properties of materials used in tyres and MRGs, which are due to two factors: the first is connected with calculations of the equilibrium configuration and rigidity characteristics of the product as a whole, and the second with determination of the true stresses and strains, and also heat build-up in the material of tyres and MRGs, for predicting their working life. 51 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.5, 2001, pp.30-8).
Title: CELLULAR RUBBERS. A REVIEW
Page Range: T/62-70
Author(s): Zuev Y S
File size: 71K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
This review on cellular rubbers describes the characteristics, types, properties and applications of cellular rubbers, together with a review of innovations in the field of cellular rubber technology. In particular, attention is given to characteristics such as strength, wear resistance, cold resistance, shock absorbing properties, soundproofing capacity, heat shield capacity, and water absorption. 94 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.5, 2001, pp.38-45).
Title: WORLD PLASTIC INDUSTRY
Page Range: T/71-77
Author(s): Szabo F
File size: 933K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
A statistical economic overview is presented of the world plastic industry, with reference to trends in consumption and production, end-uses and geographical consumption trends. World production and consumption of plastics between 1950 and 2010, distribution of plastics consumption in 2000 by type, and annual rates of increase in consumption both actual and forecasted between 1990 and 2010, are indicated. Trends in the distribution of the use of PP by various application areas is shown, and world consumption of engineering plastics by type for 1995-2005 is discussed. The geographical distribution of plastics consumption is also given, and the costs of bulk plastics is examined. 3 refs. (Article translated from Muanyag es Gumi, No.1, 2002,pp.3).
Title: OLEFIN POLYMERISATION CATALYSTS
Page Range: T/78-86
Author(s): Nowakowska M
File size: 95K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 29
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
This review of developments in the field of olefin polymerisation catalysts includes a brief historical overview from 1933, followed by a discussion of three generations of Ziegler-Natta organometal catalysts. Also discussed are catalysts supported on a magnesium carrier, metallocene catalysts, and possibilities for the creation of further generations of organometal catalysts.85 refs. (Article translated from Polimery, No.3, 2002,pp.157)