Back SearchTitle: MIXING ASPECTS OF DURALINK HTS IN STEEL CORD ADHESION COMPOUNDS
Page Range: T/1-7
Author(s): Datta R N
File size: 87K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
A study is reported which aimed to find the temperature-dependence of Duralink HTS in typical steel cord skim compounds. It was found that the mixing temperature played an important part in Duralink HTS compounding, with temperatures above 150 degrees C having a positive impact on the retention of adhesion especially after ageing in various conditions. This phenomenon was elucidated using thermal gravimetric analysis. Also reported is the impact of zinc oxide on the reaction kinetics of Duralink HTS, and the effect of concomitant materials such as sodium sulphate and sodium thiosulphate which are formed from Duralink HTS. 15 refs. (Article translated from Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe, No.7, 2002, pp.439-443)
Title: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF ELASTOMERS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
Page Range: T/8-10
Author(s): Gaidadin A N; Petryuk I P; Malysheva N; Kablov V F
File size: 45K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
Investigations were carried out on rubber compounds based on ethylene-propylene rubber with respect to behaviour when exposed to near-extreme high temperatures of 573 K. Ageing at temperatures above 473K and under conditions of limited access of air oxygen is characterised by a polyextremal curve and the formation of a porous phase in crosslinked material. The sharp reduction in the mechanical properties of the composite in the first hours of ageing is determined more by the formation of a new porous structure than by the degree of thermal degradation of the elastomer matrix, it is claimed. 6 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.4, 2002, pp.2-3).
Title: THERMAL PROPERTIES OF RUBBER COMPOUNDS BASED ON CHLOROSULPHONATED POLYETHYLENE
Page Range: T/11-13
Author(s): Donskoi A A; Shashkina M A; Zaikov G E; Aseeva R M
File size: 37K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
Details are given of an investigation of the behaviour of chlorosulphonated polyethylene at high temperatures. Silicon and antimony oxides were studied as mineral fillers, together with chloroparaffin as a plasticiser with reference to their effect on flammability. It was found that the thermal properties of rubber compounds based on chlorosulphonated PE depend on the component composition of the polymeric material, and that the use of silicon and antimony oxides were extremely effective for increasing flame resistance. 7 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.4, 2002, pp.8-10).
Title: INFLUENCE OF THE METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF AN INORGANIC ADHESION ACTIVATOR ON ITS ACTIVITY
Page Range: T/14-16
Author(s): Kostrykina G I; Kitaev I Y; Solov'ev M E; Golikov I V; Nosova L V
File size: 47K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
The use is investigated of spent catalysts of the petrochemical industry as activators for improving the adhesion of rubbers to brass-coated metal cord. Fine comminution of the spent product was required to facilitate dispersibility in the polymer. Details are given of the two technologies investigated for processing the spent product, which differed with respect to the type of equipment for comminution and in the method for preliminary preparation of the product before comminution, and the resultant influence of processing on the activity of the spent catalyst used as an adhesion promoter. The presence of active centres was shown to predetermine the participation of the processing product in different reactions in the formation of the structure and adhesion properties of the rubber-metal composite. 3 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.4, 2002, pp.10-12).
Title: FUNCTIONALLY ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF POLYMER COMPOSITES BASED ON COPPER AND CHROMIUM DERIVATIVES FROM THE USED CATALYST N-METHYLAMINE NTK-4
Page Range: T/17-18
Author(s): Kablov V F; Moskvichev S M; Khaikina L A
File size: 31K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
Methods are developed for the processing of metal-containing waste of spent catalyst NTK-4 from the synthesis of N-methylamine, with its subsequent use as a functionally active ingredient (pigment, fireproofing agent, vulcanising agent, anti-adhesive, etc.) in the development of polymer composite formulations. The waste contains copper, chromium, zinc, aluminium, and ion oxides. This work studies metal-containing waste as a vulcanising agent and filler for rubber mixes based on chloroprene rubber and chlorosulphonated polyethylene. 4 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.4, 2002, pp.12-3)
Title: AMINE-CONTAINING OLIGOMERS BASED ON EPOXY RESIN AS PROMISING STABILISERS FOR ELASTOMER COMPOSITES
Page Range: T/19-22
Author(s): Kablov V F; Bondarenko S N; Ushakova N V
File size: 53K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
In order to create stabilisers for elastomers, possessing optimum mechanical properties and a highly effective protective action, and based on available feedstock, a number of amine-containing oligomeric compounds were synthesised, based on epoxy-bisphenol A resin ED-20 and vat residue from aniline production. KPA-50 was compared in terms of stabilising action with low molecular weight antioxidants Neozon D and Diaphen FP in a rubber mix based on Nairit DP polychloroprene. Properties and performance values are discussed. 3 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.4, 2002, pp.13-6).
Title: EFFECT OF THERMO-MECHANOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF DIENE ELASTOMERS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF RUBBER MIXES
Page Range: T/23-25
Author(s): Andiasyan Y O; Popov A A; Gyulbekyan A L; Kornev E E
File size: 38K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
An investigation is reported into the effect of thermomechanical treatment of some rubber mixes to study the occurrence of thermomechanical transformations in diene elastomers with different types of monomer unit, and to determine the regions of preferential occurrence of mechanodegradative and mechanoactivation processes. Tests were carried out on products of the thermomechanochemical modification of 1,4-cis-isoprene (SKI-3), 1,4-cis-butadiene (SKD), and chloroprene rubbers (PCP). These products were obtained by the mechanical treatment of rubbers in self-heating conditions with different durations of mechanical action. It was found that the thermomechanochemical transformations of diene elastomers (SKI-3, SKD, and PCP), occurring with change in the molecular weight and gel fraction content, have no significant influence on the physicomechanical properties of the rubber compounds. 8 refs.(Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.4, 2002, pp.18-20).
Title: THEORY OF STRENGTH AND FATIGUE OF VULCANISED RUBBER
Page Range: T/26-33
Author(s): Furukawa J
File size: 113K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
Research is discussed which examines the thermodynamics and rate theory with respect to strength and fatigue properties of vulcanised rubber. Such properties are discussed as direct influences on rubber product design and safety. Topics considered include experimental measurements in high-molecular rheology, quasi-networks, rubber elasticity, breakdown spectrum of cured rubber, and the dynamic fatigue of cured rubber. 15 refs. (Article translated from Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi, No.1, 2002, pp.16-21).
Title: NEW HIGH-FREQUENCY AND ULTRAHIGH-FREQUENCY COMPOSITE DIELECTRICS BASED ON HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE
Page Range: T/34-37
Author(s): Dzhafarov A S
File size: 39K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
Details are given of theoretical and applied bases, which have been developed for the tailored modification and preparation technology for new generations of constructional polymeric materials for radio-engineering applications based on primary and modified types of PE. With the aim of reducing the heat shrinkage and warping of products made from standard high-pressure PE, whilst retaining their high dielectric characteristics, a method was developed for the heat treatment of the basic types of high-pressure PE at 320-380 degrees C by the introduction into the polymer melt of 20-30 mass% of different types of radioceramics with subsequent gamma irradiation of the finished products made from these compositions The fillers employed for the creation of polymeric constructional dielectrics with enhanced dielectric permittivity and coefficient of thermal conductivity consisted of crystalline silicon, nitrides of aluminium, silicon, boron carbide, a barium mixture, bronze and other metallic powders. 20 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.4, 2002, pp.42).
Title: RECYCLING OF PVC WASTE USING ELASTIC-DEFORMATION DISPERSION METHOD
Page Range: T/38-40
Author(s): Akhmetkhanov R M; Kadyrov R G; Minsker K S
File size: 36K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
Trials are carried out and described, which proves the method of elastic-deformation dispersion as a technique in making possible the effective processing of waste from various PVC materials to obtain fine-particle recycled product with wide possibilities of practical use. The elastic-deformation dispersion method, is based on the idea of multiple breakdown, when the material is subjected to the combined action of high pressure and shear deformation at elevated temperatures. Elastic-deformation dispersion of roughly ground materials with particle diameter of 1-3 cms. was carried out in a single-screw rotary disperser designed at the Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Variable parameters were the zone temperatures of the apparatus, pressure, rate of loading of the initial raw material and the screw speed, and the influence of these on the particle fineness and specific surface of the recycled properties is examined. 4 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.4, 2002, pp.45).
Title: STUDY OF SELF-EXTINGUISHING UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS. A BRIEF SURVEY OF INDUSTRIAL AND NEW ACHIEVEMENTS
Page Range: T/41-46
Author(s): Kicko-Walczak E
File size: 42K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
This paper presents a survey of work carried out in the period from 1961 to 1998, indicating 34 sources that reflect the direction and results of studies of the synthesis, crosslinking and modification of self-extinguishing unsaturated polyester resins. The mechanism of action during flame and smoke suppression are examined, together with a review of flame retardant additives and modifiers. Sections of the review are devoted to unsaturated polyester resins containing halogens, polyester resins of reduced flammability, produced on hydrated mineral fillers, phosphorus-containing fireproofing agents for polyester resins, and other fireproofing agents for polyester resins. 34 refs.(Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.5, 2002, pp.4-9).
Title: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF EPOXY COMPOSITES
Page Range: T/47-50
Author(s): Tatarintseva E A; Kulikova Y B; Burmistrova M Y; Panova L G; Artemenko S E
File size: 77K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
A study is made of the mutual influence of components in filled and modified epoxy composites on the mechanism and kinetics involved in the curing of a multi-component system. Use was made of epoxy oligomers, pyrite cinder and wood ash fillers, and phosphorous-containing methyl acrylate, oligomer nitrile rubber, and organosilicone polymer as modifiers to increase the elasticity. The structure formation processes and the influence on the of components of the composite were studied from the change in structural strength during curing. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.5, 2002, p.9-11).
Title: USING THE THERMAL ELECTRICAL FLUCTUATION METHOD TO INVESTIGATE MOLECULAR MOBILITY IN STRUCTURALLY INHOMOGENEOUS POLYMER SYSTEMS
Page Range: T/51-56
Author(s): Zelenev Y V; Ivanovskii V A; Valgin D D
File size: 79K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
This work describes and demonstrates the relationship between the intensity of electrical fluctuations and features of the structural organisation of polymer systems of different classes. Molecular mobility in the polymers PVC, polystyrene, PMMA, LDPE, PTFE, NR and butadiene-methylstyrene rubber, and in the copolymer vinylidene fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene was analysed and interpreted in accordance with the theory of temperature transitions in solids. An investigation was made of the dependence of the spectral density of the stress of electrical fluctuations on the frequency in the range 0.15 -1.0 MHz. The thermal electrical fluctuation method was used to determine the physical properties of polymer systems that are connected with their structural organisation: dielectric properties, effective dipole moment, and internal pressure. 14 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.5, 2002, p.19-22).
Title: STUDY OF THE HEAT STABILITY OF PVC COMPOSITES STABILISED WITH METAL-POLYMER COMPLEXES
Page Range: T/57-60
Author(s): Edgorov N
File size: 49K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
The introduction of metal-polymer complexes into PVC is studied At a level of 1.0 wt.%, an increase by a factor of 5-6 in the time of heat stability is found compared with a polymer composite including calcium and cadmium stearate, and 20 times greater compared with the initial PVC. Such as stabilising effect is due to the presence of polymer complexes in the structure that are known to exhibit anti-oxidative and heat-stabilising functions in the course of degradation of PVC The addition of a polymer complex in the form of composites with a plasticiser leads also to an improvement in the processing indices of the polymer melt, characterising the processability of PVC composites and the articles produced from them. 6 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.5, 2002, p.22-5).
Title: SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF BLOCK COPOLYARYLATEIMIDES
Page Range: T/61-63
Author(s): Oranova L I; Mikitaev A K; Lesnikova N I
File size: 52K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
The modification of polyimides to increase thermal plasticity and to produce moulding materials possessing high heat resistance, was carried out by introducing blocks of oligoarylate based on bisphenol A and a 1:1 mixture of tere- and isophthalic acid dichlorides. The synthesis of block copolymers was carried out by the interaction of two oligomers: oligoarylate with end acid chloride groups and oligoamido acids with end amino groups. The block copolymers obtained are reported to be capable of being processed by compression moulding, and can be recommended for introduction into industry as a constructional material. 4 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.5, 2002, p.25-6)
Title: PEROXIDES AND HYDROPEROXIDES AS POLYMERISATION INITIATORS
Page Range: T/64-74
Author(s): Sivergin Y M; Kireeva S M; Grishina I N
File size: 111K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
This work takes the form of a review, which, whilst not laying claim to absolute completeness of presentation, presents kinetic equations for calculating the rate constant of decomposition of peroxides and hydroperoxide initiators, and also certain redox systems containing them. The equations are taken from the literature, and also calculated by the authors in order to present and collate comprehensive data in a single review. 32 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.5, 2002, p.27-33)
Title: FUNCTIONALITY OF CLUSTERS IN EPOXY POLYMERS
Page Range: T/75-77
Author(s): Kozlov G V; Novikov V U; Zaikov G E
File size: 38K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
A cluster model of the structure of the amorphous state of polymers assumes the presence, in this state, of regions of local order (clusters), loaded in a loosely packed matrix. Each cluster consists of several co-linear, densely packed segments of various macromolecules and is thus, an 'amorphous analogue' of a crystallite with extended chains. This model is used to describe the structure and properties of crosslinked polymers. However, the main objection to the existence of a local order in amorphous polymers is said to be the experimental observation of similar (Gaussian) statistics of chains a q-solvent and condensed date. This work attempts to confirm this concept analytically for the case of two series of epoxy polymers. 17 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.5, 2002, p.33-4)
Title: EVALUATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF VIBRATION-DAMPING POLYMER COMPOSITES FROM A TOPOLOGICAL VIEWPOINT
Page Range: T/78-79
Author(s): Zharin D E; Bobryshev A N; Gumerov A F
File size: 47K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
An examination is made of the structure of a finely filled polymer composite from the viewpoint of the Shklovskii-de-Gene model. This model assumes the formation of a superstructure of an infinite percolation cluster in the form of a distorted three-dimensional framework penetrating the matrix volume and formed from chains of filler particles by interlayers of polymer matrix. It has been established that the rigid structural framework is responsible for the change in the elastic properties of filled polymers used in vibration damping, and that only the rigid structural framework penetrating into the entire representative volume of the composite is capable of transferring elastic strains. One of the main indices of the vibration damping properties of finely filled composites is the coefficient of internal friction, which is improved by the use of dispersed fillers of porous materials. A comparative analysis is made of experimental data on the coefficient of internal friction of filled epoxy composites modified with a complex additive consisting of polyether and polyisocyanate. The obtained exponent gives an adequate characteristic of the finely filled polymer damping system, and is claimed to confirm the assumption that it is in dead-end elements of the structural framework that the basic mechanism of dissipation of vibratory energy is concentrated. 2 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.5, 2002, p.34-6)
Title: PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING THE RHEOLOGICAL AND RELAXATION INDICES OF POLYMER MELTS FROM CAPILLARY VISCOMETRY DATA
Page Range: T/80-81
Author(s): Danilova-Volkovskaya G M; Torner R V
File size: 33K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 3
Abstract
The importance of the influence of thermal and shear actions on the physicochemical properties and composition of polymers being processed is discussed, since the correct understanding of the effects occurring under the influence of shear strains makes it possible to predict the behaviour of polymers during processing and to select process conditions with which thermomechanical reactions are controllable or prevented. A procedure is proposed which was used to obtain the initial data necessary for mathematical modelling of the process of screw-disc extrusion of thermoplastics, and for calculating the criterion of thermomechanical degradation in polymer melts under intense shear action. 4 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.5, 2002,p.36-7)