Back SearchTitle: EFFECT OF CROSSLINKING AGENTS ON THE PHYSICO-MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RUBBER SEALS USED IN HYDROCARBON MEDIA
Page Range: T/1-2
Author(s): Sedlyarova S N; Eliseeva I M
File size: 54K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
This paper reports the process of surface modification of rubber seals based on a compound of butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, for use in liquid hydrocarbon media at high temperatures. Bismaleimide and N-isopropyl-N'-phenylphenylenediamine-1,4 were used as modifying agents. It was established that modification of the surface layers of specimens, only in individual cases leads to a reduction in the degree of swelling of the rubber seals, which is attributed to intense washing out of the introduced substances during swelling of the modified specimens in fuel. However, by optimising the heat treatment schedules of the modified specimens, it was found to be possible to achieve a reduction in the degree of swelling. This is thought to be due to saturation of the surface layer of the specimen by the modifier and to subsequent crosslinking of this layer, which prevents washing out of the modifier into the working medium. 3 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.4, 2002, pp.24-5).
Title: INFLUENCE OF THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE ELASTOMER ON THE MIGRATION RATE OF THE STABILISER
Page Range: T/3-4
Author(s): Dodo A V; Nazarov V G
File size: 45K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
Methods of determining the rate of migration of stabilisers from elastomers are discussed, with reference to the use of modelling and experimental investigations. An equation is proposed for the prediction of the kinetics of migration of low molecular weight ingredients from polymers. The aim of this work was to model the kinetics of migration of N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine from different elastomers with the use of their solubility parameters. 6 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.4, 2002, pp.31-3).
Title: USING RELAXATION SPECTROMETRY TO ANALYSE RUBBER MIXES AND COMPOUNDS
Page Range: T/5-10
Author(s): Jurkowska B; Koval' V N; Pesetskii S S
File size: 86K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
Using relaxation spectrometry based on the use of a reverse torsion pendulum, the quantitative assessment of the kinetics of vulcanisation of rubber mixes in a gaseous medium is made possible. The investigation of the kinetics of thermooxidative ageing of rubber compounds based on natural rubber and epoxidised natural rubber is reported. It was found that during ageing at 120 and 150 degrees C, the shear modulus and the mechanical losses change in a complex way. Certain causes of the observed effects are discussed. 16 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.4, 2002, pp.33-7).
Title: POLYMERIC MATERIALS FOR MEANS OF INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION OF FIREMEN IN HAZARDOUS SITUATIONS
Page Range: T/11-12
Author(s): Smirnova E L; Klochkov V I; Krasovskii V N
File size: 31K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
A review is presented of developments in Russia to produce fabrics suitable for use in the manufacture of protective clothing for fire fighters. These include heat reflective and flame resistant materials. Use is being made of material based on aramid fibres with a polymer coating; siloxane and organofluorine coatings are used as the polymer film, and active fillers are being introduced to increase the viscosity of the composite, but which makes its application to fabric difficult. The use of modified fillers makes it possible to produce material with a high oxygen index that is more stable to abrasion and wear, with lower water permeability and higher tear strength. The Eliot Closed Joint Stock Company is producing a heat reflecting materials which makes it possible to work in situations where the intensity of thermal radiation reaches 18 kW/m2. Properties of heat and flame resistant polymeric materials are given. 7 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.4, 2002, pp.37-9).
Title: STUDIES OF FRICTION MECHANISM IN SILICA AND CARBON BLACK FILLED SBR: (3) FRICTION OF CARBON BLACK AND SILICA FILLED SBR BLENDS
Page Range: T/13-20
Author(s): Amino N; Uchiyama Y; Iwai T; Maeda M
File size: 174K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
The frictional properties were examined of carbon filled and silica filled tread rubber blends consisting of two immiscible SBRs of different glass transition temperatures. The relation between friction and sliding speed against steel gauze was determined experimentally in the wet and dry states for each of the blends, and the effects of blending and the nature of reinforcement were studied. 9 refs. (Article translated from Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi, Vol.75 (2002), No.1, pp.32-8).
Title: PLASTICS PROCESSING EQUIPMENT AND ITS FUTURE PRODUCTION
Page Range: T/21-24
Author(s): Poliak O O
File size: 30K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
The Khmel'nitskii Termoplastavtomat factory was established in 1966, and since that time, has become the largest factory in the USSR for the production of automatic machines for the injection moulding of thermoplastics and thermosets. Five main areas of development have been identified for the company's production programme: automated thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic production equipment and special moulding machines; equipment to produce packaging products for the food, pharmaceutical, chemical, and other industries; production equipment using the film sleeve extrusion method; moulding and extrusion waste reprocessing equipment; and transfer and blow moulds. Details are given of the equipment produced by the company in these areas. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2001, p.4-6).
Title: PREPREGS WITH LONG SERVICE LIFE. 2. RHEOKINETIC SELECTION OF INDUSTRIAL TYPES OF EPOXY RESINS AND CURING AGENTS
Page Range: T/25-32
Author(s): Smirnov Y N; Kruzhkova S V; Shatskaia T E; Natrusov V I
File size: 103K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
A rheokinetic analysis is made of the curing processes for a number of the cheapest industrial grades of epoxy resins and curing agents produced in large volumes, and the selection of them for implementation in various types of prepreg technology. Previous methods of selection using an isothermic calorimeter enable the reactivity of the binder components at prepreg storage temperatures to be evaluated from the initial rates of the curing process, but do not allow the maximum kinetic service life, linked to the gelation time for the binder at the storage temperature, to be forecast because the latter also depends on the functional properties of the components. An analysis is presented of the results of the rheokinetic studies. 30 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2002,p.18-23).
Title: METHOD FOR STUDYING SOLID-PHASE TRANSITIONS IN POLYMERIC MATERIALS
Page Range: T/33-36
Author(s): Mainikova N F; Muromtsev Y L; Zhukov N P; Balashov A A
File size: 64K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
A new non-destructive method of monitoring solid-phase transitions in polymeric materials is described, which enables a range of thermophysical characteristics of polymers and polymer materials to be determined, and in particular, for polymorphous transitions to be recorded in crystalline polymers. The method is based on an analytical solution of a model of the heat transfer process in the body under study resulting from the action of a flat, round heat source of constant power during heating or cooling, and is put into effect using a measurement and computation system involving microprocessor hardware and computer technology. The broad potential offered by the method is claimed to be effectively enhanced by the potential to study the kinetic characteristics of processes, relaxation transitions and molecular motions, which to a large extent are shown to control the physical properties and chemical reactions of polymers. 10 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2002, p.23-6).
Title: CONSTRUCTIONAL METAL-FILLED POLYMER COMPOSITES
Page Range: T/37-38
Author(s): Zharin D E; Selivanov O Y; Gumerov A F
File size: 37K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
Metal-filled composites in construction applications are discussed, with reference to their properties, processability and other benefits in applications where they can be used to replace metals. The use of swarf is examined as a metal filler in an epoxy resin matrix. Fillers used were discontinuous cast iron swarf, discontinuous bronze swarf and chunky steel swarf. These were produced as a result of metal finishing processes. From an examination of the physicomechanical properties of the metal-polymer composites, it was found that cast iron swarf was the most effective filler for the production of polymer composites for use in construction. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2002, p.37-8).
Title: CONDITIONS OF FORMATION AND PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF MULTI-COMPONENT COATINGS BASED ON POLYTRIFLUOROCHLOROETHYLENE
Page Range: T/39-44
Author(s): Viaseleva G Y; Selivanova N M; Konopleva A A; Barabanov V P
File size: 790K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
Electrostatic and electrochemical methods of shaping a coating on an electrode are used to produce constructional coatings with protective properties and good physicomechanical properties. It is known that the electric field parameters affect the operational properties of coatings due to their impact on the structure. The structural organisation of electrodeposited coatings is in the form of a tightly-packed matrix of fibrillar or spherical close-packed elements of identical sizes. It is consequently possible to adjust the properties of coatings formed on an electrode by varying the electrical parameters of the process, i.e. voltage, current density, duration, and also the make-up of the composition. This article examines ways of producing fluorolon protective and insulative coatings by electrodeposition and electrostatic spraying in a high-voltage field. In addition, various pigments and fillers were added to the composition in an attempt to improve the adhesion, strength, and protective properties of the coatings. The experiments involved the use of multi-component dimethylformamide dispersion based on polytrifluorochloroethylene. 9 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2002,p.38-41)
Title: MODIFICATION OF EPOXY RESINS WITH WASTE FROM THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS
Page Range: T/45-47
Author(s): Burmistrova M Y; Tatarintseva E A; Panova L G; Artemenko S E
File size: 42K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
The use of epoxy oligomers is discussed with reference to their use as binders, adhesives and coatings. The materials feature an initial low viscosity and high adhesion, low shrinkage and quite high physicomechanical properties, but are at the same time highly flammable and rigid. To improve the elastic properties of epoxy oligomers, a residual material was introduced into the epoxy composition, in the form of polycaproamide production waste containing caprolactam oligomers, a significant proportion of which are linear and cyclic dimers and trimers. In addition, a non-flammable phosphate plasticiser was also introduced. This study reports on the influence of the residual material on the physicomechanical properties of the epoxy composition, the rheological properties, gelation in the curing process and the acquisition of adhesion and cohesion strengths. The tests performed served as a basis for selection of the topological structure formation parameters and the make-up of the compositions, thus supporting the production of compounds with high elastic properties and reduced flammability. 4 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2002, p.42-3).
Title: HIGH-FREQUENCY FORMING OF HOMO- AND HETEROCHAIN THERMOPLASTICS
Page Range: T/48-51
Author(s): Sudarushkin Y K; Pankratov A A; Sokolov M Y
File size: 39K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
Details are given of a an ultrasound-assisted process of injection moulding, based don a vibration system (ultrasonic nozzle), and a mould with an ultrasound emitter which is located outside the moulding cavity. The method can impose ultrasonic oscillations in the direction of flow of the thermoplastics at the moulding stage, which leads to an improvement in the mouldability of thermoplastics, and also in the mechanical and service characteristics of products made from them. The conditions for moulding thermoplastics using ultrasound were refined by varying the production process parameters, (melt temperature, mould temperature, moulding pressure, dwell time under pressure, and cooling time), and acoustic parameters (ultrasonic radiation intensity, frequency and amplitude).12 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2002, p.43-6).
Title: POSSIBILITY OF CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FIBROUS MATERIALS FROM WASTE POLYPROPYLENE PRODUCTS
Page Range: T/52-55
Author(s): Novoselova L Y; Bordunov V V
File size: 56K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
The chemical modification of PP fibres to produce ion exchange materials is discussed, with reference to research carried out using raw material produced from PP production waste. This article presents the results of research into the study of the characteristics of fibrous raw material. It is shown that the conditions of the PP fibre production process have a significant bearing on the properties of the fibre, and that the structure of the fibre may differ at different structural levels with different process parameters. The fibre structure depends on the conditions of fibre formation, and the mechanical and physical/chemical properties of the fibres depend in turn on their structure. Spectroscopic analysis is reported to conclude that the initial PP fibre taken for this work should undergo chemical modification satisfactorily, as it possesses a diminished degree of crystallinity and an elevated atactic phase content. 7 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.6, 2002, p.46-8)
Title: GAS-PHASE FLUORINATION OF FILMS AND COATINGS BASED ON POLYVINYL ACETATE DISPERSIONS WITH SULPHUR TETRAFLUORIDE
Page Range: T/56-58
Author(s): Kuznetsov A A; Tkachuk L N
File size: 28K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
In order to overcome the problems of water resistance and cold resistance of polyvinyl acetate dispersions used in coatings and films, work was carried out to develop a method of modification. A report is presented of an investigation into the possibility of introducing fluorine atoms by replacing the hydroxyl groups in the surface layers of films produced from homopolymeric, coarsely divided polyvinyl acetate dispersions containing polyvinyl alcohol, with sulphur tetrafluoride. Thus, the fluorinated films are polymer blends of PVA and PVAc. 12 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.7, 2002, p.4-5).
Title: PREPREGS WITH HIGH DURABILITY. PART 3: COMPLEX EVALUATION OF THE LIFE OF THE EPOXYAMINE BINDER RESIN
Page Range: T/59-64
Author(s): Smirnov Y N
File size: 70K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
This paper analyses the possibilities of complex rapid prediction of the life of binders in pre-impregnated roving for use in the production of glass fibre reinforced plastics. Structural and kinetic or rheokinetic procedures, including isothermal calorimetry, rotation viscometry, dynamic mechanical investigations using a torsion pendulum, and measurement of the tackiness/adhesion and physicomechanical characteristics of GFRPs are described with reference to an epoxy-amine binder resin and prepreg durability 11 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.7, 2002, p.6-9)
Title: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MECHANICAL AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS
Page Range: T/65-70
Author(s): Musyaev I K; Rekus V G; Potemkin V; Shevoroshkin A V; Kulishova E M; Shevelev A Y; Terekhina E Y; Zelenev Y V
File size: 58K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
The relationship is studied between certain acoustic and electrical properties of a substance, which confirm the notion concerning the advantages of their combined study. This is due to the similarity of the laws that are obeyed by the electrical and mechanical properties of high molecular weight substances. These laws relate to the effects resulting in both cases from the motion of the same parts of the molecules and the associated formal similarity of the corresponding equations. The laws of wave propagation are examined in mechanical and electrical fields. 8 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.7, 2002, p.18-22).
Title: EFFECT OF POLYISOCYANATE ON THE DAMPING PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF EPOXY COMPOSITES
Page Range: T/71-72
Author(s): Zharin D E
File size: 40K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
A study is reported which demonstrates the expediency of modifying epoxy resin with polyisocyanate to produce vibration-damping constructional materials. When the epoxy oligomer reacts with polyisocyanate, alternative mechanisms are observed: reaction with structural moisture produces a reduction in mechanical properties of the polymer, but an increase in the damping properties. Thus, depending on the amount of structural moisture, the final properties of the material produced can differ significantly. Tests are reported on a pre-dehydrated epoxy resin modified with polyisocyanate. 1 ref. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.7, 2002, p.22-3)
Title: EPOXY-CONTAINING POROUS HYDROGELS OF POLY(2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE): A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE SYNTHESIS CONDITIONS
Page Range: T/73-78
Author(s): Shtil'man M I; Artyukhov A A; Kozlov V S; Tsatsakis A M
File size: 114K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 4
Abstract
To develop effective heterophase polymer supports, use was made of a method for synthesising superporous polymer hydrogels produced by synthesising crosslinked polymers under cryoconditions. The heterophase of the frozen solvent forms large pores of the system, and a crosslinked polymer is formed in the intercrystalline space. The large pores formed after unfreezing of the system, determine the absorption of the system. An investigation was conducted on cryogels based on crosslinked copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with unsaturated monomers containing an epoxy group - glycidyl methacrylate and allylglycidyl ester in order to establish optimum conditions for their synthesis with respect to a high yield and with a high content of epoxy groups. 11 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.7, 2002, p.24-8).