Back SearchTitle: ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE RUBBERS
Page Range: T/1-2
Author(s): Mel'nik L A; Vikhireva N P; Bogatyrenko E A; Pupkova N G
File size: 33K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
An investigation is reported into the electrical conductivity of rubber mixes based on butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber containing conductive carbon black. Results indicate that a reduction in carbon black content increases the electrical resistivity of the rubbers through the creation of defects in the structural network. It is also found that a lower vulcanisation schedule should be selected for electrically conductive rubbers, since at a higher temperature, there is found to be a more rapid increase in the viscosity of the rubber, which inhibits the formation of chain structures of carbon black at the beginning of vulcanisation. The plasticisation time and the duration and temperature conditions of mixing were found to have a minimal effect on the electrical resistivity of the vulcanisates. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.6, 2002, p.6-7)
Title: NEW CORROSION- AND HEAT-RESISTANT ELASTIC POLYMERIC MATERIALS
Page Range: T/3-11
Author(s): Ronkin G M; Andriasyan Y O
File size: 73K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
New materials were developed to meet the heat and chemical resistance of sealing materials in chemical plant, based on blends of elastomers of chlorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers, chlorinated and chlorosulphonated PE, butyl rubber, epoxy-phenol resins, polymeric plasticisers, chloroparaffins, special polyfunctional curing agents, process catalysts, and other components. To manufacture these materials, a fundamentally new type of plant was developed and set up, based on the combination, in a single flowline, of equipment of the processing of plastics and rubbers. The developed materials are designed for prolonged service life at high temperatures, and in contact with strong oxidants, concentrated acid, alkalis, salt solutions, and other highly corrosive media. Tests show that their working life is 10-80 times greater than that of Russian materials currently used and imported analogues. Property data are tabulated for coefficients of diffusion of certain electrolytes through films of material, and swelling in different corrosive media. 22 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.6, 2002, p.7-12).
Title: POLYSULPHIDE RUBBER SEALANTS MODIFIED BY PETROLEUM BITUMENS
Page Range: T/12-15
Author(s): Kurkin A I; Khakimullin Y N; Petrov O V; Nefed'ev E S; Liakumovich A G
File size: 45K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
The incorporation of petroleum bitumens into polysulphide rubber sealants is examined, with respect to improvements in the adhesion of the sealants. Grade BN 70/30 bitumen was introduced at a temperature of 120 degrees C into a sealing paste, that besides polysulphide rubber, contained carbon black. The curing agents used were manganese dioxide, zinc oxide and sodium dichromate. The bitumen content of the composite was varied in the range 0-50 parts (per 100 parts polysulphide rubber). The study confirms that the presence in the sealant of up to 10 parts bitumen, increases adhesion to concrete, lowers water absorption, and increases the breaking elongation with little deterioration in nominal strength. On the basis of data obtained from the study, it is suggested that bitumen has a catalytic effect on the curing of polysulphide rubber by manganese dioxide. 3 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.6, 2002, p.18-20).
Title: IMPROVEMENT OF PETROLEUM AROMATIC PLASTICISER OILS FOR RUBBERS
Page Range: T/16-19
Author(s): Pankratov V A; Prokof'eva L V; Volkov M N; Yanson E F
File size: 49K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
The development and testing is described of a plasticiser oil, based on a mixture of distillate and residual extracts of the selective purification of oils by N-methylpyrrolidone, and its use as a plasticiser in tyre production, is evaluated. By optimisation of the ratio of distillate and residual extracts in terms of viscosity, transportability, and plasticising action in rubber mixes, together with maximum retention of the physicomechanical characteristics of rubbers, the formulations of mineral plasticiser oils YarMarka YaP-15 and YaP-Evro were developed for different sectors of the rubber processing industry. 6 refs.(Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.6, 2002, p.20-23).
Title: PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS OF BLOCKED POLYISOCYANATE
Page Range: T/20-22
Author(s): Puchov A F; Turenko
File size: 48K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
This work reports on an investigation of the behaviour of blocked polyisocyanate in an aqueous medium, and the possibility of using an aqueous dispersion of blocked polyisocyanate in latex-resorcinol-formaldehyde compositions. Practical applications are described with reference to the treatment of synthetic fibres used in tyre cord. Tests were carried out in latex-based dipping compositions. It was shown that in a rubber-polyamide fibre system, the strength of the adhesive contact can be increased by preliminary treatment of the aqueous dispersion of blocked polyisocyanate (ADBP) with a KOH solution. However, when treated with an NaOH solution, the bond strength in the system investigated does not increase. An analysis of the changes in the Brookfield viscosity when the ADBP is treated with solutions of KOH or NaOH, is claimed to explain the factors preventing the participation of blocked polyisocyanate in additional structure formation in the zone of adhesive contact. Results of tests of rubber-cord specimens produced using an aqueous dispersion of BKPIC-D6 treated with KOH in latex-resorcinol-formaldehyde dipping compositions are given. 6 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.6, 2002, p.23-5).
Title: IMPROVEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF HEAT TREATING TYRE CORD
Page Range: T/23-25
Author(s): Schmurak I L; Litvinova N V; Kropina N V
File size: 54K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
Details are given of work undertaken on Russian cord lines which has led to improved mechanical characteristics and bond strength to rubber of textile tyre cord. This has been achieved by improving the parameters of heat treatment, modernisation of existing equipment, and by the creation of new cord lines for the impregnation and heat treatment of traditional and new types of textile cord.. The heat treatment of cord on Russian lines is currently carried out with hot air, which leads to a significant temperature spread over the height of the heat treatment chambers, and makes it impossible to optimise the properties of the heat treated cord. Afterburner devices have been developed for drying agent preparation that enable the completeness of fuel combustion to be ensured. This makes it possible to convert the heat treatment chambers to heating with fuel gases, as a result of which, it is possible to increase the intensity f cord heating and to ensure a more uniform temperature over the height of the chambers. Improved properties are discussed. 4 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.6, 2002, pp.25-8).
Title: COMPRESSION MOULDS FOR RUBBER O-RINGS
Page Range: T/26-27
Author(s): Shpindler V M
File size: 45K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
The design and construction of compression moulds for the production of rubber O-rings is described, with particular reference to the angle of the parting line of the forming cavities. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed for moulds with parting lines set at an angle of 45 degrees or 180 degrees, with respect to mould opening and the efficiency of the rings. It is argued that for O-rings, it is recommended that moulds be manufactured only with a parting line of 180 degrees. 2 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.6, 2002, pp.28-9).
Title: INFLUENCE OF THE STIFFNESS CHARACTERISTICS OF CAR TYRES ON TREAD WEAR
Page Range: T/28-30
Author(s): Gudkov V A; Tarnovskii V N; Shiryaev S A; Kubrakov V P
File size: 46K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
Research into the influence of stiffness of car tyres on the tread wear is reported, which concentrates on the use of real service loads acting on a car wheel under different operating conditions to be simulated using bench testing techniques. Stiffness characteristics of the tyres were determined by means of an attachment, developed by the authors, for an OPSh-30 press, which makes it possible to measure the lateral, angular, and peripheral stiffness on a cement concrete surface, simulating the road surface. The results of determining the relationship between the stiffness characteristics and intensity of wear of the tyres are presented and discussed. 2 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.6, 2002, pp.29-31).
Title: PROPYLENE FIBRES WITH GRAFTED ACRYLIC ACID
Page Range: T/31-34
Author(s): Novoselova L Y; Bordunov V V
File size: 45K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
The objective of this work was to carry out the chemical modification of PP fibre material from PP waste products in order to produce ion exchange materials. To achieve this objective, modification conditions are selected and the capacity characteristics of the materials produced are determined. Both PP fibre oxidised by air oxygen and non-oxidised PP fibre were subjected to chemical modification. The initiators used for radical copolymerisation were azobisisobutyric acid dinitrile and benzoyl peroxide. By grafting of acrylic acid onto the initial PP fibre, weakly acidic ion exchange materials were obtained. 10 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.8, 2002, p.6-8).
Title: STRUCTURAL CRITICAL DEFECT IN MODIFIED POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE UNDER CONDITIONS OF HIGH-SPEED THREE-POINT BENDING TESTS
Page Range: T/35-37
Author(s): Borukaev T A; Mashukov N I; Mikitaev A K
File size: 80K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
It is known that microadditions of a highly dispersed Fe-FeO mixture into a polymer melt, can be used as a fairly effective stabiliser and modifier, the physicochemical properties of the material, depending on its content. Microadditions of Fe/FeO are shown to have a considerable effect on the structure of the polymer matrix, including the size and shape of the structural critical defect. In this work, an assessment is reported of the magnitude of the structural critical defect of PBTP modified with a highly disperse Fe-FeO mixture under conditions of Charpy impact loading. Results are discussed, and indicate opportunities for the development of high-impact composites of different designation. 9 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.8, 2002, pp.9-10).
Title: STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COATINGS BASED ON EPOXY-PHENOL COMPOSITES
Page Range: T/38-43
Author(s): Kochnova Z A; Tuzova S Y; Baranov A O; Tseitlin G M; Prut E V
File size: 178K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
A study was made of the structure and physicomechanical properties of protective can coatings based on epoxy-phenol composites, with reference to the influence of time and the composition of the prepolymers, and also the degree of butanolisation of diphenylopropane formaldehyde oligomers on their protective properties. The study finds that the crosslink density in composites of this kind, can be controlled through the degree of butanolisation of the phenol-formaldehyde component, and by changing the degree of esterification of the phenol-formaldehyde oligomer, it is possible to obtain coatings with a varying combination of protective and physicomechanical properties. The results of the investigation are claimed to indicate the possibility of targeted control of the properties of epoxy-phenol coatings. 12 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.8, 2002, pp.11-15).
Title: INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON THE STRUCTURE AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FILLED GELS OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL
Page Range: T/44-47
Author(s): Ukhartseva I Y
File size: 57K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
An investigation is reported that shows that filled PVA gels, formed under different production conditions can be used as the basis for creating materials with controllable properties. Such materials can be applied to drug-containing therapeutic systems that are capable of controlled release of the medicine into the surrounding medium. The influence is examined, of the schedules for forming filled PVA gels on their structure and physicomechanical characteristics. The investigation was carried out on PVA, medical gelatin, proteolytic enzyme papain, medical collagen, and sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose. Films were obtained from the composites by casting and were formed at a temperature of 293 K and under low-temperature conditions, at a temperature of 267 K for 24 hours. Specimens prepared in this way were used to study physicomechanical characteristics and to determine structural parameters. 21 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.8, 2002, pp.15-7).
Title: FUNGUS RESISTANCE OF AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS BASED ON VINYL ACETATE
Page Range: T/48-51
Author(s): Tabakalyan N B; Abramyan D G; Suleiman B M; Shakhazizyan I V; Nagapetyan E P; Sarkisyan V V; Voskanyan P S
File size: 46K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
Tests were carried out to determine the fungus resistance of aqueous carboxyl-containing dispersions based on vinyl acetate of different functional composition and formulation. A series of dispersions was produced by polymerising vinyl acetate in the presence of 6 wt.% of a water-soluble protective colloid, (polyacrylic acid modified with vinyl acetate, 20 wt.%). A further series of dispersion was produced in the absence of an emulsifier by the copolymerisation of vinyl acetate with acrylic acid in an aqueous medium in the presence of a water-soluble initiator (potassium or ammonium persulphate). It is found that the fungus resistance of dispersions based on vinyl acetate depended on the chemical composition of the polymer and the formulation of the dispersion. Chemical and spectral analysis indicated the fungus resistance of dispersions of copolymers of vinyl acetate and acrylic acid, and in addition, showed that for the dispersions studied, the most active biodestroyer was T.viride. 3 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.8, 2002, pp.18-20).
Title: ADHESION OF POLYETHERURETHANE ACRYLATES TO SILICATE GLASS
Page Range: T/52-55
Author(s): Matyushov V F; Matyushova V G
File size: 48K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
This work investigates the influence of the structure of polyetherurethane acrylates (PEUAs), produced by the copolymerisation of oligourethane acrylates with unsaturated monomers, when used as used as adhesives for silicate glasses with reference to the strength of bonded joints. It is known that a strong adhesively bonded joint can be formed both on account of adsorption of macromolecules on the surface, and on account of chemisorption when dressing agents are used. Dressing of glass specimens was carried out by immersion in a 1% alcoholic solution of methacrylate methylmethyldimethyoxysilane for 24 hours. The effect of surface tension and the introduction of crosslinking agents on adhesive strength is discussed. 6 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.8, 2002, p.20-22).
Title: REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES BASED ON UNSATURATED ESTER RESIN PN-15
Page Range: T/56-60
Author(s): Studentsov V N; Cheremukhina I V; Levkin A N; Skobeleva I V; Yashina O V
File size: 59K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
Reinforced polymer composites based on unsaturated ester resins are investigated with reference to the method of layer application of components and the resultant storage life of the prepreg and strength characteristics of the polymer composite. The use is discussed of physical modification by magnetic treatment of the prepregs in a constant magnetic field in order to improve and control the strength characteristics. A main objective of the study was to select the most efficient position of the magnetic treatment in the production process, either after the first or second dipping bath using layer application of components. The study indicates the favourable effect of using layer application of components in the production of reinforced polymer composites based on ester resin PN-15 with a new curing systems, and the favourable effect of treatment in a constant magnetic field. The use of carboxymethyl cellulose as a protective polymer is shown to lower the water absorption and increase the strength characteristics of prolonged storage. 6 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.8, p.33-5).
Title: CHANGE IN THE THERMAL, ADHESION, AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT CHARACTERISTICS OF ASPHALT-RESINOUS OLIGOMERS DURING PRODUCTION
Page Range: T/61-64
Author(s): Gladkikh I F; Kraikin V A; Sigaeva N N; Ionova I A; Zaikov G E; Monakov Y B
File size: 49K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
This work reports on a study of the changes in molecular weight and in the molecular weight-dependent physicochemical characteristics of asphalt-resinous oligomers (ASMOL). ASMOL is produced by the condensation of petroleum tars and bitumens with vat residues formed by rectification regeneration of dimethylformamide (isoprene production waste) and containing oligoisoprene fraction). The product is used as a weatherproofing agent, and as a protective coating. The softening point and adhesion to steel are investigated as MW dependent characteristics, occurring during production. On the basis of the results of the work, it is concluded that chemical interaction of the initial components of ASMOL, occurs at the stage of their mixing and homogenisation. It is advised that the H2SO4 content be monitored, since unreacted sulphuric acid can lead to a reduction in the heat resistance and adhesion characteristics of ASMOL. 5 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.8, 2002, pp.36-8).
Title: TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PRODUCTION OF ORIENTED POLYPROPYLENE STRIP
Page Range: T/65-67
Author(s): Danilova Volkovskaya G M
File size: 31K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
The production of packaging bags in Russia, produced by the binding of tubing of highly oriented narrow PP strip is examined with reference to the optimisation of the production of PP fabric bags. Optimum schedules for the extrusion of PP into strands with a prescribed deformation and strength are determined, and the influence is investigated of the production parameters of orientation on the physicomechanical properties, thickness, and linear density of the polypropylene strands. Studies included the influence of colouring concentrates on the properties of the oriented strands, the sheet extrusion process, and the influence of the temperature schedule on the forming of the oriented strand. 3 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.8, 2002,pp.39-41).
Title: ASSESSMENT OF THE SUITABILITY OF WASTE POLYMERS FOR RECYCLING
Page Range: T/68-70
Author(s): Noskov D V; Ovchinnikova G P; Artemenko S E
File size: 45K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
This article considers the suitability of certain waste polymers for recycling. They include post-industrial ABS and polycaprolactam wastes, PE agricultural films, PE carton waste, PE syringe waste, PETP soft drink bottle waste, and disposable polystyrene cutlery waste. The use is studied of modifying additives: polyethylsiloxane, dibutyl phthalate, calcium stearate, and a highly swelling cationic polymer, polycaproamide production waste, and rubber waste. Comparative properties of primary and waste polymers are given, together with properties of composite materials based on polymer waste. End-use applications are also indicated. 6 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.8, 2002, pp.45-46).
Title: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MODIFIED POLYAMIDES BASED ON LACTAMS AND POLYETHERAMINES
Page Range: T/71-76
Author(s): Dutkiewicz S; Boryniec S
File size: 66K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 6
Abstract
The use of polyamides for constructional applications has been restricted due to their limited impact strength. A method is investigated of improving impact strength by the chemical modification of polyamides as a result of the introduction of flexible segments in the form of polyether-amine blocks into their structure. For the investigations, caprolactam/lauryl lactam copolymers and polyether-amines as elasticising chemical modifiers, were chosen. Polyether amines together with toluylene diisocyanate were transformed in a mixture of lactams in situ into urea prepolymers, on the ends of which, in the course of further synthetic processes, copolyamide blocks formed. Results of tests demonstrated that urea prepolymers can be used as modifiers to effectively increase the impact strength of caprolactam/lauryl lactam copolymers. 10 refs. (Article translated from Polimery, No.2, 2003, p.116-121).