Back SearchTitle: CHARACTERISATION OF THE SURFACE ACTIVITY OF CARBON BLACKS
Page Range: T/1-19
Author(s): Schroeder A; Meier J; Klueppel M; Schuster R H
File size: 529K
Download the pdf (subscribers only)
Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 9
Abstract
In order to gain a better understanding of the reinforcement mechanism of fillers, this work reports on an investigation, carried out on industrial carbon blacks produced using various methods (furnace, channel type, thermal process), and with a variety of mean particle sizes (specific surfaces), and aggregate numbers (DBP numbers) Volumetric gas absorption was chosen as the method of investigation. Using the possibilities of fractal geometry for describing self-similar objects or disordered surface structures, the Fractal FHH Theory was used to determine both the surface-fractal dimension from the nitrogen gas adsorption isotherms as a measure of the surface roughness. The number and strength of different bonding centres on the surface was determined from the ethylene adsorption isotherms with the aid of an iterative process based on numerical integration. The influence of the surface activity on the reinforcement of elastomers is demonstrated using examples of vulcanisates. 40 refs. (Article translated from Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe, No.3, 2003, pp.162-175).
Title: THE EFFECT OF ADDING DIFFERENT DONOR-ACCEPTOR AGGREGATES ON THE PROPERTIES OF GRAPHITE-CONTAINING COMPOSITES
Page Range: T/20-26
Author(s): Bango K; Nagy I
File size: 138K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 9
Abstract
The direct current conductivity and electrochemical properties of graphite-containing systems based on triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate acrylamide (TGDMA/AA composites), containing additives with different functional groups, is examined. The work demonstrates how the concentration, quality and change of the additive materials modifies the resistivity of the composites and how the materials can be used as electrodes. It is shown that different types of and amounts of additives can affect the conductivity properties of composites. They are shown to be able to modify and destabilise particularly at higher temperatures by virtue of the fact that they react with particular parts of the polymer. The current density can be controlled by use of additives, but with heating additive-dependent or instable behaviour is observed. 12 refs. (Article translated from Muanygag es Gumi, No. 2, 2003, pp. 38-44).
Title: A MODEL FOR TRANSFORMING MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION OF THERMOPLASTICS INTO A VISCOSITY FUNCTION
Page Range: T/27-30
Author(s): Macskasi L
File size: 83K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 9
Abstract
This work describes a model for transforming the molecular weight distribution of thermoplastics into a viscosity function. The first step in the experimental strategy was to find a direct relationship between the structure of PE and the macroscopically measurable flow properties. The work is based on the fact that the melt viscosity depends firstly on the chain length and its distribution, on the test temperature, and on the shear rate. A critical molecular weight value is defined, below which the flow of the molecules is Newtonian while the viscosity of the molecules above this value is reduced by the shear rate. The critical molecular weight governs the shear rate of the transition from Newtonian to non-Newtonian flow, which is dependent on the maximum relaxation time. As a result, the beginning of non-Newtonian flow is related to the longest relaxation time of the polymer specimen. Calculations of the critical molecular weight of PS-4 polystyrene are tabulated, together with data obtained from the GPC curves of polystyrene, PVC, and PP specimens. 7 refs. (Article translated from Muanyag es Gumi, No. 2, 2003, pp. 52-4).
Title: TRIBOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAVY-DUTY POLYMERS
Page Range: T/31-36
Author(s): Kislinder E; Kozma M
File size: 235K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 9
Abstract
Results of laboratory tests are discussed, carried out on PEEK materials used in the manufacture of sliding elements. Four different materials were tested: basic PEEK, PEEK with 30 vol. % of carbon fibre, PEEK containing 30 vol % of glass fibre, and PEEK containing carbon fibre and graphite. The test consisted of two parts. In the first, the friction and abrasion of PEEK/tempered steel couples were tested in the dry and lubricated state on an Amsler abrasion tester, and in the second part, the abrasion tests were carried out on an APG type abrasion device, where the PEEK test specimens were made to slide along abrasive cloths of different degrees of fineness. Results relating to improved abrasion/wear/frictional properties are reported for each of the four materials tested. 6 refs. (Article translated from Muanyag es Gumi, No. 2, 2003, p.55-9).
Title: STRENGTH OF POLYMER COMPOSITES WITH A DISPERSED FILLER
Page Range: T/37-40
Author(s): Bobryshev A N; Avdeev R I; Zharin D E; Kurin S V; Tuchkov V V
File size: 54K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 9
Abstract
The reinforcing effect with respect to strengthening composites by used of a dispersed filler is discussed. Study of the concentration dependences with a reinforcing effect makes it possible to produce optimum composites with increased physicomechanical properties. With increase in the filler content in the composite, two simultaneous alternative processes develop, governed largely by the emergence of a boundary between the phases in the composite, and therefore due to the appearance of complex properties that are not characteristic of the components individually. Model equations are presented and numerical values are found for the composites studied. 3 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 1, 2003, pp. 15-7).
Title: PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES WITH A FINE PARTICLE ELASTIC FILLER
Page Range: T/41-46
Author(s): Serenko O A; Avinkin V S; Bazhenov S L; Budnitskii Y M
File size: 68K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 9
Abstract
Comminuted waste rubber from scrap tyres was used as an inactive filler in thermoplastic composites. The crumb rubber provides an elastic fine particle filler. One of the factors affecting the deformation properties of the rubber-plastic composite is adhesion interaction at the phase boundary. Using one filler and selecting polymer matrices with identical adhesion to it,(LDPE and HDPE) it was possible to obtain information on the role of the polymer matrix in the formation of the deformation properties of the material. A study is made of the influence of the degree of strengthening of the polymer matrix and the content of elastic filler on the deformation behaviour of rubber-plastic composites. The results of tests indicated that concentration interval of filling in which the composite retains its plastic properties and has greater deformability, depends on the capacity of the polymer matrix for deformation strengthening. The deformability of rubber-plastic composites with quasi-brittle failure is shown to be constant and equal to the strain of neck formation in the initial matrix polymer, and the differences in the limiting strains of rubber-plastic composites based on LDPE and LDPE/HDPE blends are connected with different values of the strain of neck formation in the given polymers. The strain of neck formation in the matrix polymer is shown to determine the deformability of the composite with its quasi-brittle failure. 7 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 1, 2003, pp. 18-21)
Title: CONTROLLING THE PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES BASED ON ACRYLATE BINDERS
Page Range: T/47-49
Author(s): Kholstinin V V; Kireev V V; D'yachenko B I; Rybalko V P; Mazhirin P Y
File size: 53K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 9
Abstract
The influence is assessed of the composition of the monomer binder used in polymer concrete on the physicomechanical characteristics of composite materials based on acrylate binders. It was found that a strong interdependence existed between the strength properties of the studied filled polymer systems based on methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid, and the content of the latter in the mixture. A surface describing the strength of the composites as a function of the composition of the monomer binder was plotted. In addition, the optimum ratio of binder components was established, making it possible to double the compression strength compared with compositions based on MMA alone. The relationship between maximum compression strength and maximum density of the composite was thus established. 4 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 1, 2003, pp.21-2).
Title: COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON EPOXY-BISPHENOL A OLIGOMER
Page Range: T/50-53
Author(s): Sumenkova O D; Osipchik V S; Lebedeva E D; Shlokin Y P; Dorofeeva I S
File size: 72K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 9
Abstract
The need to create new dipping formulations for application onto moist concrete surfaces is discussed with reference to the requirements of a composite material which will guarantee high adhesion to a protected surface, and provide a fairly high rate of curing the binder, whilst ensuring good strength characteristics and durability under temperature gradient conditions. Good results have been obtained by the introduction of components containing shale phenols or phenol-amine curing agents into composites based on epoxy resins. The use of an amine-phenol curing agent makes it possible to increase the depth of impregnation and also to increase the abrasion resistance of the impregnated moist surface. Since a shortcoming of such a system is the short lifetime of the composite material and the increased brittleness of the specimens, the polymer matrix was modified by the introduction of organosilicon compounds. Ethyl silicates and an acrylate compound were investigated for modification. 7 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 1, 2003, pp. 23-5).
Title: STUDY OF THE ADSORPTION OF A PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE OLIGOMER ON THE SURFACE OF MAGNETIC FILLERS
Page Range: T/54-57
Author(s): Zaitseva N L; Rodzivilova I S; Kononenko S G; Artemenko S E
File size: 61K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 9
Abstract
The adsorption processes that occur on the surface of fillers in solutions of oligomers and polymers determine many technological features of composite material manufacture. Since the interaction of polymer solution components with the surface of the filler is the primary act of formation of interphase contact in composites based on them, it was of both theoretical and practical value to study the adsorption, and in particular, the adsorption interaction of a standard phenol-formaldehyde oligomer, (PFO) with the surface of industrial ferromagnetic fillers (barium oxide ferrite, strontium oxide ferrite, an intermetallic alloy differing in degree of dispersion, chemical composition and structure (Nd-Fe-B). In order to modify the PFO to overcome problems of brittleness and processability, modifying additives oligooxypropylene glycol and epoxy-bisphenol A resin were used. Experimental data provides evidence that the best adsorption capacity is possessed by strontium ferrite. The thickness of the adsorption layer and the adsorption equilibrium constant are also calculated, and the relationship between the limiting adsorption, the thickness of the adsorption layer, and the adhesion strength of the polymeric magnetic materials developed was established. 8 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 1, 2003, pp. 25-7).
Title: LONG-LIFE PREPREGS. 5. STRUCTURAL KINETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROPERTY FORMATION OF GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTICS BASED ON BINARY PREPREGS
Page Range: T/58-64
Author(s): Smirnov Y N; Ponomareva T I; Dzhavadyan E A; Shatskaya T E; Natrusov V I
File size: 89K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 9
Abstract
The optimisation of the moulding parameters for glass fibre reinforced plastics is investigated, with reference to the service properties of articles manufactured from composite materials. This article addresses the development of optimum moulding schedules for glass fibre reinforced plastics based on long-life binary prepregs, with the separate application of binder components (the SAC method). It is recognised that the intensity of the mixing processes of the two components will depend on the nature and structure of the reinforcing materials, on the chemical structure of the binder components, and on the moulding schedule of the articles, which should take into account the specific structural and kinetic features of the binary technology. Epoxy resin and aniline-formaldehyde resin were used as the binder components and glass fabric was used as the reinforcing material. The methodology for selecting the moulding schedule was based on a complex structural kinetic approach, in which the chemical kinetics of transformation of the functional groups of the thermosetting binder is compared with the physical kinetics of structure formation of the polymer matrix, and also the combination of relaxation, physicomechanical, and other properties of the final composite. It is concluded that, the moulding schedule for GFRPs based on binary SAC prepregs requires serious amendment compared with the optimum moulding schedule for those based on mixed prepregs. 23 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 1, 2003, pp.28-32).
Title: MODELLING THE RATE OF MIGRATION OF STABILISERS FROM POLYPROPYLENE
Page Range: T/65-67
Author(s): Dedov A V; Nazarov V G
File size: 46K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 9
Abstract
The process of migration of a stabiliser in a PP compound is examined, with respect to the change in properties of the material due to migration of the ingredient from the polymer, its retention time and the functional characteristics of the article. The dependence of the properties of the polymeric material on change in its composition, determines the need to predict the kinetics of migration of the stabiliser undertaken in this work. To predict the kinetics of migration of stabilisers based on benzophenone derivatives from PP with a diffusion limiting stage of the process, use was made of empirical equations describing the amount of ingredient migrating from the polymer within time, the initial content of the ingredient in the polymer, and coefficients obtained by processing experimental data. The aim of the work was to model the kinetics of migration of O,O'-bis(1-oxy-4-tert-butylbenzophenone-3)butane-1,4-diol from PP under conditions of variation of the limiting stage of process of migration of the ingredient. An equation is derived which describes the kinetics of stabiliser migration from PP. 4 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 1, 2003, pp.40-1).
Title: USE OF PLAIN BEARINGS MADE FROM POLYMERIC ANTIFRICTION MATERIALS FOR ROTARY EQUIPMENT
Page Range: T/68-72
Author(s): Burenin V V
File size: 59K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 30
Issue No: No. 9
Abstract
A review is presented of the choice of materials and design constructions for plain bearings used on rotary equipment, which include polymeric anti-frictional materials. Consideration is given to the selection and construction requirements for plain bearings, and details are included of designs which include fluoroplastics, polyimides, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyarylates, and polyurethanes. 20 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 1, 2003, pp.41-5).