Back SearchTitle: CONTROLLING THE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS BASED ON CHLOROSULPHONATED POLYETHYLENE
Page Range: T/1-5
Author(s): Khotin D V; Kostromina N V; Osipchik V S
File size: 65K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop composite materials based on chlorosulphonated PE (CSPE) for use as protective coatings on metal substrates, which provide chemical and weathering resistance. The work focuses on the development of composite materials based on CSPE and mineral fillers; the control of the processing properties of composite materials by modifying the properties of CSPE with the products of interaction between an organotitanium compound and silanediol; and the study of the effect of additions of oxides of metals of different natures on the resistance of the composite materials developed to UV irradiation. It was established that a vulcanising system based on the products of interaction between an organotitanium compound and silanediol is an effective controller of the rate and intensity of the vulcanisation processes of CSPE. Under prolonged exposure to UV radiation, moisture and elevated temperatures, the CSPE-based materials developed, showed that they did not alter their properties, and that they could therefore be used as protective coatings in different climatic regions. 5 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.12, 2003, p.9-11).
Title: INVESTIGATION OF THE CURING PROCESSES OF ALKOXYSILANE-BASED MATERIALS
Page Range: T/6-10
Author(s): Kostromina N V; Osipchik V S; Faterov S A; Molotova R I
File size: 80K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
This work reports on the effect of modification of alkoxysilane on the processing and service properties of alkoxysilane-based materials. The investigation was carried out on the product of the partial hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TES). In order to accelerate the process of the curing and formation of three-dimensional structures of TES, use was made of a tetrafunctional organic compound of titanium-tetrabutoxytitanium (TBT). To improve the processing properties and lower the internal stresses of the binders, a study was made of the possibility of using polydimethyl siloxane rubber (SKTN). The combined effect of tetrabutoxytitanium and SKTN on the process of hydrolysis of TES was studied. An investigation was made of the intensity of curing of filled (electrocorundum) and unfilled systems, and the influence on this process of temperature and products of interaction between SKTN and TBT. The investigation showed that the products of interaction between diphenylsilanediol and tetrabutoxytitanium made it possible to effectively control the rate and intensity of the hydrolysis of TES. This modification of TES makes it possible within a wide range to control the processing properties of TES-based composites. The composite materials are shown to possess increased adhesive strength and low shrinkage, do not alter their properties on prolonged exposure to temperature gradients, aggressive media, UV irradiation, and they can be used in harsh climatic conditions. 6 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.12, 2003, p.12-4)
Title: FEATURES OF THE MODIFICATION OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE WITH COPOLYMERS OF ETHYLENE AND VINYL ACETATE
Page Range: T/11-16
Author(s): Tikhonov N N; Osipchik V S; Egorov V N; Khyng D N
File size: 98K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
This paper reports the development of new methods to control the structure and properties of PVC for the production of building materials with high processing and service characteristics. Investigations into the modification of PVC with EVA, and the use of chlorinated PE as the reference modifier are described. The work focuses on the dependence of the impact strength of PVC materials on the structure and properties of the modifier. It was established that, with an increase in the content of acetate groups, the effectiveness of the modifying actions of EVA increases and that the impact strength of the PVC materials increases with an increase in the content of vinyl acetate units in the copolymer macromolecules. The quantitative relationship between the resistance of the polymeric material to impact loads and the content of vinyl acetate groups in the modifier is represented graphically in the form of the region of optimum compositions with which the PVC materials have maximum impact strength. Details are also given of the results of investigations into the relaxation processes in PVC modified materials, the rheological properties of melts of modified PVC, and the features of the service performance of modified PVC. It was established that the effectiveness of the modifier was determined by the level of its thermodynamic compatibility with PVC, which depends on the content of vinyl acetate groups. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.12, 2003, p.15-8).
Title: COLD CURING COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON ED-20 EPOXY RESIN AND MODIFIED WITH SILICON-HETEROORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Page Range: T/17-20
Author(s): Sumenkova O D; Lebedeva E D; Osipchik V S
File size: 70K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Epoxy resin systems cured at room or reduced temperatures are noted as having a number of shortcomings associated with the limited choice of curing agents. One method of controlling the processing and physicochemical properties of composite materials based on epoxy binders is to modify them with organosilicon compounds., since its introduction makes it possible to lower the water absorption, and increase the heat resistance, thermal stability, cold resistance and chemical resistance. Organotitanium siloxanes, produced by the interaction of diphenylsilanediol (DPSD) with tetrabutoxytitanium (TBT) and the partial blocking of the butoxyl groups, were used as modifiers for controlling the structure and properties of an ED-20 + AF-2 epoxy resin system in order to increase compressive or adhesive strength. 8 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.12, 2003, P.18-21)
Title: PROPERTIES OF BLENDS OF HIGH-IMPACT POLYSTYRENE HIPS-0801 WITH HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE
Page Range: T/21-27
Author(s): Alekseev A; Osipchik V S; Kirichenko E A; Alekseev A A
File size: 154K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
A study is described of the behaviour patterns in the variation in the main properties of blends of high-impact PS grade HIPS-0801 with high density polyethylenes with a content of the second components of between 0-100% wt.%. It was shown that, in the presence of 5 wt.% HDPE, there was a tendency towards and increase in the flow of the HIPS. With a grater content of polyethylene, the inverse dependence occurs. It was found that blends with a content of PE of grade 276-73, 273-79 and 277-73 in a quantity of no more than 20, 10, and 5 wt.% respectively, were of definite practical interest as a means of reducing the volumes of imported polystyrene into Russia. 21 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.12, 2003, p.30-4)
Title: POLYLACTIDE FILLED WITH HYDROXYAPATITE: PHYSICOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ANALYSIS
Page Range: T/28-33
Author(s): Krasnov A P; Bondarenko V A; Klabukova L F; Popov V K; Volozhin A I; Afonicheva O V; Glukhan E N; Zharkov A V
File size: 74K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
This work investigates the effect of hydroxyapatite (HAP) on the properties of biostable and bioresorbable polylactide materials, which creates new possibilities for producing bioresorbable composites for use as implant materials. The study takes into account the surface and physicomechanical properties of polylactide filled with different types of HAP. It demonstrates the relationships governing the change in the combination of properties of the composites, and establishes the optimum limits of concentration with a specific type of HAP. It is shown that the polydispersivity of the HAP filler, together with the chemical structure of the surface, has a positive effect on the formation of specimens with the best physicomechanical properties. In composites of polylactide filled with HAP, nanometre surface layers are found to contain almost only polymer binder. 6 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.12, 2003, p.35-8)
Title: FEATURES OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF EPOXY BINDERS MODIFIED WITH A THERMOPLASTIC
Page Range: T/34-38
Author(s): Gorbunova I Y; Kerber M L; Shustov M V
File size: 72K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
In order to increase heat resistance and resistance to impact loads of epoxy composites, this study investigates the use of blends of thermosetting plastics with thermoplastic polymers as binders in the production of articles with reinforcing fibres. The properties are reported of a composite based on epoxy oligomer ED-20, curing agent diaminodiphenylsulphone and polysulphone as the modifier. In the course of this work, a study was made of the process of curing of the given system and the influence of the curing schedules on its properties and on the internal stresses arising in the material. The effect of a thermoplastic modifier on the properties of the composite was also studied. It was shown that the introduction of polysulphone led to a reduction in the glass transition temperature determined by the DMA method. It was established that the Tg of a system could be used as a criterion characterising the degree of conversion, and that the introduction of polysulphone led to a considerable increase in the impact strength and cross-breaking strength of the epoxy-based composite. 3 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.12, 2003, p.38-40)
Title: INFLUENCE OF PROCESS PARAMETERS OF NEGATIVE PNEUMATIC VACUUM FORMING ON PRODUCTION QUALITY
Page Range: T/39-45
Author(s): Kovalenko V A; Sheryshev E A; Sheryshev M A
File size: 68K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
The demand for articles produced by negative pneumatic vacuum moulding in Russia has increased considerably, it is reported. However, such articles are said to be characterised by low dimensional stability and significant thickness variation. In order to develop methods for the selection of forming parameters which do not impose significant material or research costs ,this work investigates an approach to the process of selecting a schedule for the forming of high-quality products at the stage of its set-up for production. A mathematical model is proposed which approximates with adequate accuracy the relationship between the strains developing in the formed thermoplastic feedstock and the stresses causing them at the stage of free forming under specific forming conditions of any material used in industry. The procedure was based on Laplace's moment less theory of thin-walled shells, with account taken of the previously established relationship between the geometric configuration of the shell formed during the free forming in a round hole and its depth. 5 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.12, 2003, p.41-5).
Title: PRODUCTION OF BLANKS FROM THERMOPLASTICS FOR THE FORMING OF ARTICLES BY STAMPING
Page Range: T/46-51
Author(s): Budnitskii Y M
File size: 63K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Technological solutions are proposed for the production of blanks of polymeric materials, which make it possibly more effective to use the stamping process for the production of articles of thermoplastic polymers and materials based on them. The process involves the production of monolithic blanks using ultrasonic action. The production of UHMWPE articles by the proposed method is described. 15 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.12, 2003, p.46-9).
Title: USE OF A SOLUTION OF PHENOL IN METHYLENE CHLORIDE IN THE PRODUCTION OF POLYCARBONATES
Page Range: T/52-53
Author(s): Shevchuk S A; Lazarev V F; Lazareva L G
File size: 38K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Phenol is currently used as a molecular weight regulator in the production of polycarbonates. To study the possibility of increasing the stability of phenol during storage and making the process more efficient, the storage of phenol in the form of a solution in methylene chloride was investigated. Methylene dichloride is a solvent which is used in the production of polycarbonate in the existing manufacturing process. A solution of phenol in methylene dichloride of the proposed concentration described in this paper was used in the production of polycarbonate at the "Karbokhim" scientific-production company in 1999, and is claimed to have fully met all production requirements. 1 ref. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2004, p.11-2).
Title: MEMBRANE PROPERTIES OF INTERPOLYMER COMPLEXES BASED ON CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE WITH UREA-FORMALDEHYDE OLIGOMERS OF VARYING STRUCTURE
Page Range: T/54-57
Author(s): Inogamov S Y; Mukhamedov G I
File size: 56K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
The ultrafiltration properties and swelling capacity of films of interpolymer complexes (IPCs) in aqueous media were studied as a direct link to the structure of IPCs which in turn determines their practical application. The capacity of IPCs to swell in aqueous media is one of the main properties of IPCs, and depends on the nature of the starting components, the degree of completeness of reaction between them and on the structure of the final product. In this work, purified Na-carboxymethyl cellulose, produced by heterogeneous solid-phase etherification of sulphite wood pulp by monochloroacetic acid with degree of substitution 70 and degree of polymerisation 450, was used. The swelling capacity of the films of interpolymer complexes was determined gravimetrically. It was found that by varying the structure of urea-formaldehyde oligomers and the proportions of the interacting components, it was possible to control properties such as swelling, water permeability and porosity of membranes of interpolymer complexes. Control of these properties made it possible to obtain membranes based on carboxymethyl cellulose-urea-formaldehyde oligomers. 12 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2004, p.12-4)
Title: CURING OF ED-20 EPOXY RESIN WITH DIANHYDRIDE AND ESTERS OF ANHYDRIDE OF 2-SULPHOTEREPHTHALIC ACID
Page Range: T/58-59
Author(s): Aslanov T A; Ishchenko N Y
File size: 46K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Studies were carried out to determine the selection of an optimum amount of curing agent and curing accelerator for use in the curing of ED-20 epoxy resin. These optimum amounts were found thermogravimetrically from the TG curves, since it is known that an excess or an insufficiency of curing agent in an epoxy composition affects its heat resistance. The curing temperature can be lowered by the addition of accelerators. The optimum time and temperature conditions of curing were found by a procedure in which the degree of cure is determined from the difference between the thermal effect of the reaction of curing of an uncured sample and the thermal effect of a partially cured sample. The work demonstrated the practicality of using synthesised anhydrides to extend the range of anhydride curing agents for epoxy materials. 5 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2004, P.21-2).
Title: INFLUENCE OF THE CHARGE STATE ON THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF A COMPOSITION BASED ON POLYPROPYLENE AND POLYETHYLENE
Page Range: T/60-61
Author(s): Ramazanov M A; Abasov S A; Bedirkhanova S S; Mustafaev Z E; Ramazanova S D; Efendieva Z C
File size: 34K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
It is known that the electrophysical and strength properties of polymer blends, can change not only on account of the variations in the composition, structure and properties of the individual components, but also as a result of interactions between the phases and the space charges that build up in the composition under the action of an electric field. This paper investigates how these properties are affected by the process of electrothermopolarisation, which in turn creates a charge state of the composition. This work, then, describes the results of investigations of the influence of the charge state on the electrical and mechanical strength properties of a polymer blend based on PP and HDPE, with the proportion of HDPE in PP varying from 0 to 60 vol.% It is concluded that the observed increases in electrical and mechanical strength, surface density and lifetime of electret charges of PP as a function of HDPE content after electrothermopolarisation, are connected with the increase in number and size of ordered regions, as well as the build-up of a charge of fairly high magnitude on the phase boundary of the components of the composite. 6 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2 2004, P.22-3)
Title: PHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF N-4-(NITROPHENYL)MALEIC ACID MONOAMIDE
Page Range: T/62-64
Author(s): Isaev R N; Ishkov A V
File size: 42K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Composites based on polyimide and polyamide binders are currently growing in popularity, due to their properties which make them suitable candidates for use in high-tech industries. Among the imide binders, a special group comprises materials based on mono- and bis-maleic acid imides. One method of obtaining these substances is imidisation of the corresponding polymaleic amides. N-4(nitrophenyl)maleic acid monoamide (NPMA) is one of the monomers used in the production of polymaleic amides. Analytical monitoring of NPMA is necessary during its production stages and during conversion to the polymeric material. The purpose of this present work is to study the behaviour of NPMA in an alkaline medium and to develop a procedure for its photometric determination. The method outlined is claimed to be simple, highly reproducible and quick, and is characterised by a high level of sensitivity. 12 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2004, p.27-8).
Title: STUDY OF COLOURING CHARACTERISTICS OF PRINTED COTTON FABRICS USING A POLYMERIC COMPOSITION
Page Range: T/65-67
Author(s): Amonov M R; Ikhtiyarova G A; Yariev O M
File size: 47K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
A polymer composition is described, which was used as the thickener for colouring cotton fabric. It consisted of hydrolysed acrylic emulsion (HAE), polyacrylamide, carboxymethyl cellulose, and rice starch. To determine the effect of hydrolysed acrylic emulsion on the colouring characteristics of printed fabrics, the HAE content in the composition was varied in the range 5-9 g/kg, while keeping the other components constant: PAA - 1.5 g/kg, CMC - 1.0 g/kg, and rice starch - 60 g/kg. Samples printed with the compositions were investigated with a spectrocolorimeter. Results are discussed, with reference to improvements in colouring and service characteristics of printed fabrics containing HAE. 3 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2004, p.41-3).
Title: STRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THICKENED POLYMER COMPOSITIONS AND PRINTED FABRICS CONTAINING POLYMERIC COMPOSITIONS
Page Range: T/68-69
Author(s): Ikhtiyarova G A; Amonov M R; Yariev O M; Ravshanov K A
File size: 28K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
An investigation is carried out to determine the rheological properties of polymer solutions and polymeric printing compositions under different conditions to provide information on their structure and variations therein. This information is used to predict the behaviour of printing compositions during the printing of textile goods. This article provides results of studies of the influence of the concentration of hydrolysed acrylic emulsion (HAE), contained in a thickened polymer composition, on the colouring indices of print quality. It is shown that in addition to the rheological properties of the printing inks, the plastic strength of the internal structure also exerts a strong influence on the printing results. 3 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2004, p.43).
Title: DEVELOPMENT AND STUDY OF SOLID-POLYMER ELECTROLYTES FOR LITHIUM BATTERIES
Page Range: T/70-73
Author(s): Chebotarev V P; Zhorin V A; Smirnov S E; Putsylov I A; Smirnov S S
File size: 55K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Details are given of a solid-polymer electrolyte (SPE) which has been developed, and which is claimed to be superior to existing similar products with respect to electrical conductivity. The polymers used in this work were polysulphone, PPO, polycarbonate PE and cellulose. Measured conductivities of SPEs based on various polymers are tabulated, and as the composite with polysulphone as the polymer constituent stands out, only this SPE was further investigated. The study showed that the electrical conductivity of the SPE depended on the concentration of lithium perchlorate in the polymer. The developed SPE was shown to be stable, inert with respect to the electrodes and ensured reversibility of the charging-discharging process of a metallic lithium anode. 15 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2004, p.44-6)