Back SearchTitle: CHALLENGES FOR EPDM
Page Range: T/1-10
Author(s): Graf H J; S T Yu; Di Agnillo L
File size: 218K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 2
Abstract
This paper describes an investigation into a variety of commercial grades of EPDM polymers for use in automotive weather seals. The materials, both as composites and on their own, are exposed to heat ageing and to shear and changes in their molecular structures are discussed. Weight loss and colour change were observed in a hot air oven, and shear stability was investigated in a mixing chamber. Changes in molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and the degree of branching after exposure to shear stress for different periods of time were characterised using GPC and RPA. Variances between polymers produced using metallocene and Ziegler-Natta polymerisation catalysts are noted, and as well as the performance of oil-extended polymers. 5 refs. (Article translated from Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe, No. 10, 2003, pp.635-641).
Title: INJECTION MOULDING OF LONG GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE
Page Range: T/11-14
Author(s): Burkle E; Sieverding M; Mitzler J
File size: 110K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 2
Abstract
Details are given of an injection moulding compounder (IMC), marketed by Krauss-Maffei for the injection moulding of components made from PP reinforced with long glass fibre. Typically, in the injection moulding of long glass fibre-reinforced PP, the glass fibre granulate is processed by a modified injection unit, but the IMC offers an alternative to granulate processing. With this machine, it is claimed to be possible to manufacture injection moulded products directly from the starting materials, i.e. PP and glass fibre, in a single step. A comparison is made between the injection moulding machine and the injection moulding compounder from both technical and economic perspectives. (Article translated from Muanyag es Gumi, No. 9, 2003, pp. 308-10).
Title: INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR IMPROVING FLEXIBILITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF WINDOW PROFILES WITH THE USE OF TWIN-SCREW EXTRUDERS
Page Range: T/15-18
Author(s): Stuetzinger C
File size: 32K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 2
Abstract
This paper is one of ten given at a seminar on extrusion technology. It focuses on the use of production units of different lengths in the manufacture of PVC window profiles, and their influence on the plasticisation of the material being processed and the flexibility of the production process. Solutions for the optimisation of productivity and to expand the range of extruded products are also presented. Particular attention is given to development of twin-screw extruders, two-strand technology, and the 'Duo' concept. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 6, 2003, pp.4-7).
Title: TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE EXTRUSION OF PLASTIC PIPES
Page Range: T/19-22
Author(s): Vashevko D S; Marakhovskii A V
File size: 47K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 2
Abstract
In Europe, plastic tubes are reported to account for 72% of cosmetic packaging, laminate tubes for 9%, and aluminium tubes also for 9%. The rapid growth in the consumption of plastics for packaging are due to the combination of properties they can afford. Until recently, there has been an absence of home-produced equipment of the production of packaging tubes. At the SP Softpak Tuba Enterprise, a line has been installed for the manufacture of single- and multi-layer plastic tubes. The production line consists of an extrusion section; a casting section; a printing section; a section for hole boring in the neck of the tube, welding on a control membrane and the screwing on of caps; and a hot embossing section. The main polymer used in the manufacture of flexible tube packages is LDPE and HDPE. Details are given of the line and the process. 7 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 6, 2003, pp. 7-10).
Title: THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC FOAMS
Page Range: T/23-26
Author(s): Kiselev I Y
File size: 49K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 2
Abstract
A review is presented of works dealing with the thermophysical properties of plastic foams. It is claimed that no account has been taken of convective heat transfer through the gases in the pores of these materials which are used as external thermal insulating materials for buildings. This work considers the dependence of the thermal conductivity of plastic foams on the thermal conductivity of the gases in their pores, with particular reference to polystyrene and polyurethane foams. In the process of the manufacture of PSF and PUF as pore-forming agents, use is made of Freon 11 and 12 refrigerants, which during service are replaced with air. Equations are presented that show that the replacement of the refrigerants with air in the pores of PSF and PUF, roughly doubles their thermal stability, and that consequently, this process is the most important for increasing the thermal stability of thermal insulation materials. 9 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 6, 2003, pp.10-2).
Title: PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGY OF POLY-4-METHYL-1-PENTENE MODIFIED WITH ORGANOSILICON ADDITIVES
Page Range: T/27-30
Author(s): Ogrel L Y; Kleiner V I; Kerber M L; Litinov I A
File size: 134K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 2
Abstract
Polymethyl pentene (PMP) belongs to the class of branched higher polyolefins, and is characterised by a combination of useful properties, namely, good fibre-forming properties, unique gas separation characteristics, high heat resistance and transparency. In order to increase their effectiveness and stereospecificity, and to control the molecular weight of the polymers formed, the modification of Ziegler-Natta catalysts is widely practiced. For use as gas separation membranes, PMP requires an improvement in the quality of articles and an increase in process productivity. In order to address this, PMP was synthesised in the presence of modifying liquid organosilicon additives. Improvements in physicomechanical properties, processability, higher thermooxidative resistance and membrane properties were achieved by using a method involving the directed control of the supermolecular structure through the introduction of microadditives. The structural modifying additives used were liquid organosiloxanes:octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, (OMCTS),and tris-(3-methylsiloxy)phenylsilane. Morphological differences of PMP produced in the absence and in the presence of organosiloxanes, are discussed, together with the effects on oxygen diffusion rates. 10 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 6 2003, pp. 12-4)
Title: TRIBOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR OBTAINING POLYPERYLENEIMIDES
Page Range: T/31-37
Author(s): Krasnov A P; Rusanov A L; Bazhenova V B; Moroz'ko; Bulycheva E G
File size: 153K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 2
Abstract
Interest in the use of polyperyleneimides (PPIs) with their spectrally luminescent properties, has driven research into the optimisation of production methods for films. The difficulty in producing such films is reported to lie in the poor solubility of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (PTCD). This paper considers a tribochemical method of synthesis which enables the synthesis to be carried out at room temperature in the absence of solvents. The study describes the tribochemical synthesis of products based on 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl oxide (DADPO) and PTCD, and the production of oligomeric products and soluble macromonomers for use in the subsequent synthesis of copolymers. 15 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 6, 2003, pp.23-8)
Title: KINETICS OF THE ACID-CATALYSED HYDROLYSIS OF VINYL ACETATE IN THE PRESENCE OF ANIONIC SURFACTANTS
Page Range: T/38-42
Author(s): Karamyan D R; Sergeeva S N; Beileryan N M; Voskanyan P S; Eritsyan V K; Gevorkyan L A
File size: 59K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 2
Abstract
The use is investigated of new initiating systems and other components of the reaction system to improve or change the service properties of polymers based on vinyl acetate, and thus to expand their area of application. This work involves the production of high molecular weight polyvinyl acetate by emulsion polymerisation of vinyl acetate n the presence of initiating systems based on chelate complexes of manganese. Under the given conditions, vinyl acetate as an ester, will undergo hydrolysis with the formation of acetaldehyde and acetic acid, which have a negative effect on both the polymerisation process and on the quality of the polymer obtained. This research investigates the influence on hydrolysis of sulphuric acid and acetic acid in the presence of ionogenic emulsifiers. 6 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy No. 6, 2003, pp.29-31)
Title: PHYSICOCHEMICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPOSITION FOR SIZING COMPONENTS
Page Range: T/43-45
Author(s): Amonov M R; Khafizov A R; Yariev O M; Ikhityarova G A; Ibragimova F B
File size: 51K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 2
Abstract
This paper addresses the need to develop effective composites based on local (Russian) raw materials that are suitable for the sizing of yarn, and investigates the use of water-soluble polymer composites based on natural and synthetic polymers, in particular starch, polyacrylamide (PPA), uniflok (a hydrolysed copolymer of polyacrylonitrile), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The conversion of starch paste from a microgel to a sol occurs only at temperatures above 373 K but at room temperature and above, this process becomes possible if the starch is treated with alkalis or certain salts. The influence was studied of the effect of salts of various electrolytes to break down the starch. From data obtained, it was seen that intense pasting up of starch began when sodium metasilicate was introduced in a quantity of 5.5-6.0 g/kg into the sizing solution. Results of physicochemical, rheological and structural studies, the presence of polymer composites on the surface of yarn was revealed which was of sufficient coverage to reduce tears in the yarn during weaving and to improve the degree of adhesion and increase the wear resistance of the strands. 3 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 6, 2003, pp.32-4)
Title: EFFECT OF AGGRESSIVE MEDIA ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD-FILLED PLASTICS
Page Range: T/46-47
Author(s): Kiseleva O A; Yartsev V P; Mironov A A
File size: 38K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 2
Abstract
Tests were carried out on the effect of different aggressive media on the strength of wood-filled plastics to determine the service properties of chipboard and wood-fibre boards. Liquid media of different natures were used in the experiments: water (fresh and salt water), a solvent, an alkali and sulphuric and nitric acids. Specimens were held in an aggressive medium for various periods of time, and then, during transverse bending, their stress causing failure was determined. The reduction in strength was attributed to swelling of the material in surfactants, with the greater the quantity of liquid absorbed by the specimen, the greater the reduction in strength. The effect of the type of water on the processes of water absorption shows that the presence of salt promotes a reduction in swelling and leads to a smaller drop in strength. The data obtained from the study, is claimed to make it possible to find a more efficient application for wood-filled plastics, and recommends the use of water-repellent coatings. 4 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 6, 2003, pp.35-6)
Title: DETERMINATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF BREAKDOWN OF POLYMERIC AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS UNDER THE ACTION OF HIGH-INTENSITY HEAT FLOWS
Page Range: T/48-51
Author(s): Shlenskii O F; Zelenev Y V; Malkov G A
File size: 47K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 2
Abstract
A mathematical model is proposed for the determination of the parameters of breakdown of polymeric and composite materials when their surface is exposed to high-intensity heat flows. The breakdown parameters included the speed of movement of the front, the thickness of the reaction zone, and the temperature gradients, etc. This work addresses the problem of determining the rate of thermal breakdown of polymeric materials including polymethyl methacrylate, polyformaldehyde, PP and PE, which will make it possible to increase the accuracy of calculations, by means of the integral method. This method is based on the isolation of two temperature areas close to the heated surface of the material: the heating zone and the zone of the chemical reaction of thermal breakdown. One advantage of the obtained solution is the absence of integration of the heat generation function, which makes it possible to use the obtained solution of processes of thermal breakdown of multi-component condensed systems, accompanied with chemical reactions with complex kinetics. 3 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 6, 2003, pp.37-39)
Title: THE GOVERNING RELATIONSHIPS OF THE STRENGTH BEHAVIOUR OF ADHESIVE JOINTS BASED ON WEAK SOLVENTS IN UNPLASTICISED PVC PIPES
Page Range: T/52-59
Author(s): Otstavnov A A
File size: 155K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 2
Abstract
An examination is reported of the governing relationships of the strength behaviour of adhesive joints of pipes made from PVC using adhesives based on weak solvents. Governing relationships investigated include: the composition of the adhesive; pretreatments of the pipes; dimensions of the bell mouth and smooth end of the pipe with respect to mated components; time between the end of the application of the adhesive and mating of the surfaces; influence of the curing time on the glue line; and the temperature conditions under which bonding took place. 7 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No. 6, 2003, pp.42-5).
Title: SOME PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION MODIFIED POLYMERIC MATERIALS
Page Range: T/60-70
Author(s): Zenkiewicz M
File size: 124K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 31
Issue No: No. 2
Abstract
Properties and applications of radiation modified polymeric materials are discussed in view of recent rapid progress in the design and construction of low-energy accelerators. The beneficial effects of crosslinking are examined, and applications for radiation crosslinked polymeric materials are described. In particular, consideration is given to crosslinking of insulation for cables and conduits, crosslinking of heat-shrinking pipes and films, radiation modification of polymer blends, the curing of protective coatings, adhesives and lacquers; radiation sterilisation of polymeric materials; and other novel applications relating to the production of polymeric materials with previously unattainable parameters and the recycling of these materials. 66 refs. (Article translated from Polimery, No. 10, 2003, pp. 667-677)