Back SearchTitle: GRADIENT ELASTIC POLYMERIC MATERIALS WITH A CONTINUOUS AND SMOOTH TRANSITION FROM PLASTIC TO RUBBER
Page Range: T/1-8
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File size: 94K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 32
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Gradient polymers are discussed in terms of their features, deformation properties, production and applications. The gradient materials discussed are based on crosslinked polyisocyanurate and polyurethane isocyanurate polymers in which the elastic modulus and other properties change smoothly within the same specimen without layering or phase boundaries. Synthesis of the investigated crosslinked polyisocyanurate and polyurethane isocyanurate gradient polymeric materials is described with reference to the block polymerisation method and the compression moulding method. The mechanical properties of materials produced by each method are examined, and typical end-use applications are indicated. 13 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.2, 2005, p.21-7)
Title: USE OF HYDROGENATED ELASTOMERS IN BLENDED AND DYNAMIC THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS
Page Range: T/9-11
Author(s): Zemskii D N; Ivanov V P; Kazakov Y M; Vol'fson S I; Dorozhkin V P
File size: 59K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 32
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
This work sets out to show that the introduction of small amounts of hydrogenated rubbers into thermoplastic elastomers makes it possible to improve their physicomechanical and service properties. Polybutadiene and polyisoprene rubbers, hydrogenated by the electrochemical method, were proposed as additives to increase the compatibility of diene unsaturated rubbers. Blended TPEs based on hydrogenated rubbers and HDPE were initially obtained as model blends. To assess the influence of the degree of crystallinity of the blended composites, differential thermal analysis of model TPEs was carried out. It was shown that the degree of crystallinity of composites based on hydrogenated polyisoprene or polybutadiene and HDPE is higher than in the case of blends based on non-hydrogenated rubbers and HDPE. Results of differential thermal analysis indicate the higher compatibility of hydrogenated polybutadiene and polyisoprene with PE. The influence of the duration of hydrogenation on properties of dynamic thermoplastic elastomers is discussed. 2 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.2, 2005, p.27-9).
Title: NEW GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBON BLACK
Page Range: T/12-14
Author(s): Tutorskii I A; Roldugin V I; Zatevalov A M; Vishnyakov I I
File size: 94K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 32
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
A method is proposed for the determination of the fractal dimension of aggregates and agglomerates of carbon black on the basis of experimental data from measuring the oil absorption of different carbon blacks after preliminary compression in a cylinder with different movements of the plunger. The oil absorption is measured from the adsorption of dibutyl phthalate on a Brabender absorbtionmeter after compression of the carbon black specimen. The proposed method is based on determining the ratio of change in the size of the carbon black aggregates and their oil absorption. The relationship between the sorption characteristics and the geometric characteristics (fractal dimension) is claimed to make it possible to obtain an expression for determining the fractal dimension of carbon black. The fractal dimension can be used as an independent parameter, characterising the morphology of internal cavities of the carbon black and as an additional morphological characteristic, and as an indicator of the reinforcing capacity of the filler.4 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.2, 2005, p.30-2).
Title: EFFECT OF SMALL ADDITIONS OF FIBROUS FILLERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF A BUTADIENE-STYRENE RUBBER AND ITS VULCANISATES
Page Range: T/15-18
Author(s): Akatova I N; Nikulin S S; Sedykh V A
File size: 58K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 32
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
This paper investigates the potential for the reuse of textile fibres as reinforcing fillers in butadiene-styrene rubber. The fibres investigated were nylon-6 and viscose. The effect of small additions of these fibrous fillers of different natures on the rheological and vulcanisation properties of the rubber and the rubber mix, and also on the physicomechanical properties of vulcanisates based on butadiene-styrene rubber, was studied. The influence of the content of the fibrous filler, its length, orientation and type is examined. 10 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.2, 2005, p.32-5).
Title: PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATERS IN THE PRODUCTION OF RUBBER PRODUCTS FROM LATICES
Page Range: T/19-21
Author(s): Berestnev V A; Trofimovich D P; Lopatin V V
File size: 58K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 32
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Details are given of a method of purification of waste waters produced as a result of production processes for the processing of latices. In particular, the purification of waste waters as a result of the production of rubber articles from latices such as closed-cell cellular rubber, dipped articles and articles produced by extrusion, is examined. A reagent method is recommended. This technique consists of a stage of interaction of the waste waters with reagents and a stage of separation of the low-solubility compounds formed from the waste water. As an example, a layer of plant for the purification of waste waters in the production of closed-cell cellular rubber, is illustrated. 6 refs. (Article translated from Kauchuk i Rezina, No.2, 2005, p.35-7)
Title: RADIAL IMPREGNATION OF A BUNCH OF FIBRES UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE
Page Range: T/22-27
Author(s): Goncharenko V A
File size: 96K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 32
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
An analysis is made of the motive forces of the process of impregnating a bunch of fibres (roving or strand), and to construct mathematical models of the impregnation by the binder of the interfibre gap with the aim of determining its coefficient of permeability. The radial impregnation of a bunch of fibres on the basis of established principles is investigated. The two aspects of filler impregnation at the stage of prepreg production, and complete final impregnation at the stage of forming parts from the polymer composites are discussed. 9 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2005, p.7-11).
Title: MOLECULAR AND SUPERMOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DIFFERENT GRADES OF ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE-DIENE ELASTOMERS
Page Range: T/28-33
Author(s): Livanova N M; Karpova S G; Popov A A
File size: 88K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 32
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Grades of EPDM with different fractions of ethylene, propylene and diene in the copolymer, are studied to determine the effect of the blend ratio on the structure and properties of the EPDM. In this work, a study is made of statistical copolymers with a microblock distribution of comonomers, having different compositions, molecular weights and molecular weigh distribution, Mooney viscosity and degree of chain branching. The composition of the specimens, the content of ethylene and propylene units of different lengths and the degree of isotacticity were determined by means of IR spectroscopy. The molecular dynamics was studied using a paramagnetic probe on a radiospectrometer. 20 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2005, p.11-4)
Title: THE INFLUENCE OF THE INITIAL COMPONENTS AND THE FILLER/POLYMER PHASE BOUNDARY ON THE SORPTION OF WATER AND THE STABILITY OF THE ELECTROPHYSICAL AND STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTICS
Page Range: T/34-43
Author(s): Simonov-Emel'yanov I D; Sokolov V I; Shalgunov S I; Mikheeva L G
File size: 107K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 32
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
On the basis of derived experimental and calculated data and their theoretical analysis, the correlation is established of the sorption characteristics of glass fibre reinforced plastics with the composition and structure of the glass fibre, of the cured epoxy polymers, and of the glass fibre dressing agent polymer phase boundary, with the dielectric and strength characteristics, and also with their stability after exposure of the materials in a humid atmosphere. The decisive role of the polymers and dressing agents in the structure formation of the cured polymers and boundary layers, and the moisture absorption of glass fibre reinforced plastics was shown. Experimental data was obtained which demonstrated that the moisture absorption of the boundary layers in glass fibre reinforced plastics as a function of their nature, composition and structure, differs considerably from the moisture absorption of cured polymers. It was thus concluded that epoxy binders of optimum composition make it possible to produce water-resistant glass fibre reinforced plastics with increased stability of dielectric and strength characteristics when glass fillers are treated with direct lubricants, or when dressing agents are used. 25 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2005, p.15-20)
Title: COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF MATERIALS FOR USE IN THE RAPID PROTOTYPING OF PLASTIC PARTS
Page Range: T/44-47
Author(s): Revyako M M; Gorshcharik N D; Verkhunov S A; Poklyak N A
File size: 51K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 32
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Formulations of composites based on unsaturated polyester resins for use in rapid prototyping are proposed. The formulations selected are claimed to be those that ensure the least shrinkage during curing, are moderate in price and which are suitable for controlling both the parameters of the curing process and the physicomechanical properties of the final product, which in this case was the rapid prototyping of plastic parts of refrigerators and deep freezers. To reduce shrinkage, organic and mineral fillers were introduced into composites in a quantity of 5-15%. As the target additive, an examination was made of mineral fillers, including fine silica, magnesium oxide, talc, titanium dioxide, kaolin, whiting and kieselguhr, and organic dispersed fillers including LDPE, HDPE and solutions of polystyrene in styrene, and a fibrous organic filler, methyl cellulose. Results of an examination of the physicomechanical and processing properties of the composites are tabulated. The study showed that polyester composites based on general purpose grade resin, modified with siloxane liquid and filled with LDPE powder were suitable for use in the rapid prototyping of plastic parts in place of more expensive imported materials. 12 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2005, p.28-9).
Title: INFLUENCE OF THERMOMECHANICAL ACTIONS ON THE MECHANICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF THERMOPLASTIC VULCANISATES
Page Range: T/48-53
Author(s): Baranov A O; Prut E V
File size: 85K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 32
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
The advantages of thermoplastic vulcanisates (TPVs) by comparison with traditional vulcanised rubbers are discussed, with particular reference to the ability to use reclaim in their formulation and the possibility of repeated processing. This research investigates the influence of the conditions and number of cycles of reprocessing on the mechanical and rheological properties of the materials. The work focuses on the use of two types of TPV: Santoprene 101-73 and a TPV produced in the laboratory of the Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences which consisted of a blend of isotactic PP, oil-filled EPDM and carbon black. Thermomechanical action on the material was carried out in air on a twin-screw extruder and in the rheometric cell of an Instron capillary rheometer. Observed changes in the rheological and mechanical behaviour of the TPVs are discussed, which are claimed to be due to processes of degradation and structure formation of the PP and to change in the phase structure of the TPVs. Further investigation is proposed. 14 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2005, p.30-3)
Title: MECHANICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF FIBROUS LIGHT CONDUCTORS WITH AN EPOXY ACRYLATE COATING
Page Range: T/54-57
Author(s): Battalov E M; Prochukhan Y A; Sugrobov V I
File size: 103K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 32
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Different classes of reactive oligomer are used as protective/reinforcing coatings in the manufacture of fibrous light guides (FLGs), where they protect the optic fibre drawn out from the preform and eliminate the detrimental effect of atmospheric moisture. Since both the strength of the FLGs and the optical losses during service are dependent on the nature of polymer shell, an investigation was carried out to determine the performance of fibrous light conductors with an epoxy acrylate coating in terms of mechanical and optical properties. For comparison, use was made of a silicone elastomer coating and a coating based on oligourethane acrylate oligomer. It is concluded that the greater tensile strength of FLGs with an epoxy acrylate coating and the small additional optical losses during their service indicate that the given polymers can be used as protective polymer shells for quartz optical fibres. 6 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2005, p.33-5)
Title: EFFECT OF ADDITIVES ON THE CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF MODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE
Page Range: T/58-60
Author(s): Danilov-Volkovskaya G M
File size: 64K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 32
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to optimise the process of producing woven PP packaging in the form of bags and flexible containers. The task involved the optimisation of technology for producing an oriented thread from PP modified with organosilicon additives, and to produce a thread with prescribed deformation and strength characteristics with minimum linear density, so as to ensure a reduction in the material content of the product without loss of its required properties. The study involved an investigation of the influence of the regime for forming a flat strip, and the temperature regime for orientation of the threads after longitudinal cutting in an orientation chamber, in air and under conditions of accompanying flow of heated air, with respect to the crystalline structure of the polymer, the deformation and strength properties of the thread and its linear density. It was demonstrated that the introduction of modifiers made it possible to produce products from threads with prescribed tensile strength and elasticity with a lower linear density. 6 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2005, p.36-7).
Title: NEW FLAME-RETARDANT MODIFIERS FOR EPOXY RESINS
Page Range: T/61-63
Author(s): Salakhov M S; Agadzhanov R G; Umaeva V S
File size: 56K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 32
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis of N-trichloromethylolimides of polychlorinated polycyclic dicarboxylic acids and their use as fire retardant modifiers of epoxy resins. Tabulated test results are included of physicomechanical and dielectric properties of modified epoxy composites. The test results show that these properties are improved by comparison to unmodified epoxy composites. This is attributed to the fact that at the moment of curing, the polyethyleneamine curing agent enters into chemical interaction, not only with the epoxy ring of the bisphenol A epoxy resin, but also with the modifier. It is claimed that the hydroxyl group seems to take part in additional crosslinking between itself, as a result of which a three-dimensional structure is formed that promotes an increase in the physicomechanical properties of the composite. 5 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2005, p.37-8)
Title: METHOD AND MEASUREMENT CALCULATION SYSTEM FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE THERMOPHYSICAL MONITORING
Page Range: T/64-68
Author(s): Zhukov N P; Mainikova N F
File size: 98K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 32
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
A method and calculation system is proposed for the non-destructive thermophysical monitoring of polymers. The measurement calculation system with a linear pulse heater was used in experiments, and calibrated on PMMA. The described method is claimed to make it possible, in a single experiment, to obtain the values of the set of thermophysical properties, including thermal conductivity, thermal activity, thermal diffusivity and volume specific heat with guaranteed accuracy. 6 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2005, p.39-41)
Title: FEATURES OF MODELLING THE KINETICS OF EXTRACTION OF PLASTICISERS FROM POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
Page Range: T/69-72
Author(s): Dedov A V
File size: 74K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 32
Issue No: No. 10
Abstract
Extraction of the plasticiser from PVC leads to a change in the properties of the polymer and to environmental pollution. An effective method for monitoring the change in the properties of PVC and the content of plasticiser in the environment is to model the kinetics of extraction of the ingredient. Use is made of empirical models obtained by processing experimental results from investigating the kinetics of desorption of plasticisers from PVC. A feature of the process of desorption of the plasticiser from PVC is the glass transition of the polymer on achievement of a certain residual content of the ingredient. The task of determining the glass transition conditions of PVC was addressed. The investigation of the kinetics of extraction was conducted using dioctyl phthalate, (DOP). The residual concentrations of DOP in PVC during glass transition of the polymer under conditions of extraction and evaporation of the ingredient are presented. The results make it possible to calculate the rate of extraction of DOP with examined liquids of different temperature from PVC films of different thicknesses. However, the dependence of the coefficients of the empirical model on the nature of the liquid limits its applicability only to the liquids examined in the present work. 10 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.2, 2005, p.42-3)