Back SearchTitle: STUDY OF THE RHEOKINETIC LAWS GOVERNING THE CURING OF BONDING COMPOSITIONS BASED ON URETHANE-CONTAINING RUBBERS
Page Range: T/1-6
Author(s): Sidorov O I; Milekhin Y M
File size: 198K
Download the pdf (subscribers only)
Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 33
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
The use of bonding agents based on urethane-containing rubbers is discussed, for the assembly of highly filled polymer composites with rubbers plied up with elastic nylon-6 fabric onto which the bonding composition is applied. The structure of the urethane-containing rubbers determines the system of their curing, and consequently the kinetic constants of the curing process. The technological parameters of application and polymerisation of bonding compositions can be determined by the rheokinetic laws governing their curing. The aim of this investigation was to study the rheological properties of bonding compositions based on different urethane-containing rubbers, to construct mathematical models reflecting the temperature and time dependence of the viscosity of compositions, and optimisation of the conditions of application and polymerisation of compositions on the basis of the constructed mathematical models. Mathematical models reflecting the temperature and time dependence of the viscosity of the bonding compositions were obtained by different methods, including the design of experiments method, and on the basis of an analysis of the kinetics of change in the viscosity of compositions at different temperatures with determination of the corresponding kinetic constants. The investigations were carried out on the rheological properties of a bonding composition based on PPG-3A polyether-urethane rubber with end epoxyurethane groups, containing a reactive diluent (oligoester epoxide), a reinforcing component, (epoxy oligomer), and a curing agent (isomethyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride). 13 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.7, 2005, p.34-37)
Title: FILLED POLYMER SYSTEMS BASED ON POLYCAPROLACTONE: POTENTIAL USE AS BIORESORBABLE AND BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS
Page Range: T/7-11
Author(s): Soloveva V A; Krasnov A P; Klabukova L F; Shorstov Y V; Afonicheva O V
File size: 86K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 33
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
This article investigates the possibility of developing filled, polycaprolactone-based composites with the objective of using them as biocompatible composites. The presence of functional groups and the high rigidity of cellulose molecules are the main factors creating interest in the development of composites of polycaprolactone (PCL) and cotton fibre. Two methods for the production of PCL filled with cotton fibre are described: solution technology and melt technology, and the influence of the manufacturing method on properties is examined. Composites of PCL with cotton fibre were found, even with a high degree of filling, to be characterised by a combination of a low softening point and the possibility of controlling the melt viscosity by the amount of cotton fibre used. Cotton fibre introduced into the PCL is shown to considerably increase the cross-breaking strength of the composites, and at the same time, not reduce the angle of deflection before flow of the specimen. The advantages of producing PCL composites filled with cotton fibre using solution technology is demonstrated. 6 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.9, 2005, p.3-6).
Title: POLYVINYL CHLORIDE COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTIONAL APPLICATIONS
Page Range: T/13-15
Author(s): Lelyakin I V; Artemenko S E; Sladkov O M
File size: 68K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 33
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
The use of filled PVC in outdoor construction applications such as window frames and insulation ducts is considered, with particular reference to the creation of composites that can be processed into special shape items sold by length. Comparisons are made between home-produced grades of PVC and imported German grades. The effect of fillers and stabilisers on the mechanical properties and processability of the PVC-based composite materials is investigated. Optimum filler types and contents are discussed. The developed composites were found to be competitive with respect to their principal service characteristics, whilst being considerably cheaper. 3 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.9, 2005, p.9-10).
Title: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE POLYMER COATINGS USED IN CORROSIVE MEDIA
Page Range: T/17-18
Author(s): Babakhanov A K; Negmatov S S; Adylova M K
File size: 42K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 33
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
Composite polymer coatings using local feedstock and chemical plant waste were developed for use in corrosion protection applications. The aim of this work was to ensure high quality coatings with ready availability and low cost feedstocks. Vat residues of penta-containing compounds were used with epoxy resin as a film former. However, the low impact properties of the film and the slow cooling reduced the potential applications for the material. Service properties could be improved by the introduction of a dispersed filler and plasticiser. To this end, lignin and kaolin fillers were introduced, along with plasticisers to increase the elasticity of the film former. The degree of curing was determined by the oxygen absorption method. In order to study the chemical breakdown under the action of corrosive media, the chemical reagent hydrogen sulphate was used. A graph is presented which indicates the retention of protective properties of coatings with and without various fillers. 3 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.9, 2005, p.16-17).
Title: STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF POLYURETHANE ISOCYANURATE POLYMERIC MATERIALS PRODUCED BY REACTIONS OF POLYCYCLOTRIMERISATION AND MIGRATION POLYMERISATION
Page Range: T/19-23
Author(s): Luchkina L V; Askadskii A A; Kazantseva V V; Bychko K A
File size: 88K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 33
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
This article reports on work carried out to produce polyurethane-isocyanurate networks under the conditions of selective polycyclotrimerisation of oligomeric diisocyanate based on polyoxypropylene glycol and TDI in different ratios, and the migration polymerisation of macrodiisocyanate and diamine. The work also considers the properties of the synthesised polymers in terms of heat resistance and physicochemical properties of both high modulus and low modulus polyurethane-isocyanurates. The obtained polyurethane-isocyanurates contained bulky crosslinked points constructed of an isocyanurate ring with adjacent aromatic uncouplings, and here, these crosslinked points were connected by polyurethane chains. The chemical structure of the formed polymer could be controlled by changing the quantitative ratio of oligomeric diisocyanurate, TDI and diamine. The behaviour of specimens based on three-dimensional polyurethane-isocyanurates was examined under conditions of thermomechanical and thermogravimetric analyses. It was shown that, in the selective reactions of polycyclotrimerisation and polymerisation, the products formed, possessed sufficiently good physicomechanical and physicochemical properties. 12 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.9, 2005, p.21-24).
Title: RAPID METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE GAS PERMEABILITY OF POLYMER FILMS
Page Range: T/25-26
Author(s): Badalyan V E; Sergeeva S N; Gevorkyan L A; Eritsyan V K
File size: 47K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 33
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
Details are given of a test method to determine the gas permeability of polymer films. The equipment is illustrated and is shown to consist of a compressed gas cylinder, a pressure regulator, a drying column, a check manometer, a two-way cock, a test chamber, a second check manometer, a three-way cock, a measuring column and a levelling flask. To conduct the test, the valve of the compressed gas cylinder is opened, and by means of the three-way cock, the test chamber is connected to the atmosphere. The pressure regulator is used to establish the necessary pressure according to the manometer. After 5-10 minutes, the test chamber is disconnected from the atmosphere by the three-way cock, connecting it to either the measuring column pre-filled with water to the upper mark, or to the gas meter. Either the volume of gas passing in a certain time interval, or the time in which a strictly specified volume of gas has passed, is recorded. The difference between measurements must not exceed 2%. The gas permeability with a pressure difference between the readings of the two manometers of 1 atm is calculated by a formula, details of which are given. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.9, 2005, p.28.
Title: DETERMINING THE ANNUAL RIGIDITY OF WOUND, HOLLOW-WALLED POLYETHYLENE PIPES OF UP TO 2 M DIAMETER
Page Range: T/27-34
Author(s): Otstavnov A A; Pavlov L D; Sladkov A V; Ustyugov V A; Braslavskii A V; Loenko V A; Yantsen V M
File size: 201K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 33
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
In order to develop standards for the high quality design and laying of underground wound, hollow-walled LDPE pipes of up to 2 metres in diameter, theoretical and experimental investigations have been carried out a the Mosstroi Scientific Research Institute. An investigation was made of the short-term annual rigidity of the pipes, which provides information relating to the permissible depths for the laying of the pipes. In the manufacture of the pipes, it was observed that the cross-section of the profiles changed as they were being wound on to the jig owing to elongation. Since it is the wall geometry that determines the annular rigidity of the pipes, this work focuses on determining the theoretical and values of short-term annual rigidities of wound, hollow-walled LDPE pipes. These findings were then confirmed experimentally for pipes of 600 mm diameter and 900 mm diameter. For hollow-walled LDPE pipes of all diameters, a short-term annual rigidity of 8 kPa has been adopted and standardised. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.9, 2005, p.29-32).
Title: FULL DURABILITY ISOTHERM OF POLYMER FIBRES
Page Range: T/35-37
Author(s): Kartashov E M; Anisimova T V
File size: 69K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 33
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
A heat fluctuation theory for the strength of polymer fibres is reported in this article. Investigations were carried out on the kinetics of crack growth in polymer fibres using methods of brittle fracture mechanics. In constructing the theory of the full curve of the durability isotherm of oriented polymer fibres, experimental data on the time dependence of strength at different test temperatures for PE, PP, cellulose triacetate and nylon-6 fibres were analysed beforehand. Numerical analysis of experimental data showed the possibility of showing the stability of the parameters of the equation of durability at failure of polymer fibres in a wide test temperature range, which is claimed to give grounds for assuming that the failure of polymer fibres occurs by a near-brittle mechanism. Equations are given which are shown to make it possible to calculate the important parameters for the theory of durability and the limiting characteristics of the process of failure with reference to safe stress and critical stress. 5 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.9, 2005, p.32-34).
Title: PRODUCTION OF FIBROUS MATERIALS FROM THERMOPLASTIC WASTE
Page Range: T/39-41
Author(s): Bordunov V V; Bordunov S V; Leonenko V V
File size: 56K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 33
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
A recycling method is described which is capable of reprocessing domestic thermoplastic waste including PP, PE, PETP and polystyrene and mixtures of these, without any initial fine cleaning of the feedstock, to produce effective and cheap fibrous materials that can be used as sorbents in the cleaning of aqueous and gaseous media. The production technology, which involves extrusion blow moulding, is described and illustrated, and consists of a unit for the production of fibrous materials, with the horizontal feeding of fibre onto the fibre receiver. The spinneret-free method for producing fibre has made it possible to produce non-woven material from usable thermoplastic waste, and has made it possible, from a single extruder, simultaneously to connect up several reactors and to carry out the mechanised removal of fibre from the conveyor, including gin the form of strips of non-woven fibrous material. The fibrous materials obtained are claimed to have pronounced fibre distribution anisotropy, a developed system of pores and high filtration characteristics. 4 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.9, 2005, p.38-39).
Title: PROTECTIVE COATINGS BASED ON PVC PLASTISOLS
Page Range: T/43-47
Author(s): Gotlib E M; Gudkov A A; Sokolova Y A
File size: 74K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 33
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
The development is described of protective coatings for vehicle underbodies, based on PVC plastisols. The formulation of such coatings is discussed in terms of the selection of plasticiser, diluent, viscosity modifier, primer, adhesion promoter, and mineral fillers, and the use of domestic versus imported additives. Coatings based on PVC plastisols containing imported components are shown to have a slightly greater coefficient of resistance in corrosive media by comparison to the developed coatings. However, the difference is reported to be insignificant. This is claimed to be due to the use in the developed formulation of the plasticiser EDOS (a mixture of 1,3-dioxane derivatives), which lowers the density of the PVC coatings. This in turn, lowers tier resistance in corrosive media by easing the diffusion into the pores of the PVC grains. At the same time, owing to its greater strength, the developed PVC coatings, possess increased abrasion resistance, it is reported. 13 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.9, 2005, p.40-42).
Title: HYGIENE ASPECTS OF GAS-SELECTIVE PACKAGING FILMS
Page Range: T/49-52
Author(s): Ukhartseva I Y; Goldade V A; Vetrov V S
File size: 50K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 33
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
To investigate the hygiene characteristics of selective packaging materials, experimental specimens of packaging films based on LDPE were prepared. The suitability of the materials for contact with foodstuffs as assessed with reference to the following factors: absence of changes in the organoleptic properties of the product; the absence of migration into the product of xenobiotics in quantities exceeding the hygiene standards; absence of any stimulating action of the material or its components on the development of microflora and the absence of chemical reactions or other interactions between the material and the foodstuff. Use was made of polarographic analysis, chromatography, spectrophotometry, and atom adsorption spectroscopy. The extruded and pressed packaging materials based on LDPE and containing different fillers of an organic and inorganic nature, made it possible to determine variants of the combination of components in specimens that satisfy the requirements laid down for food contact materials. Results are tabulated. 5 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.9, 2005, p.43-44).
Title: METHODS FOR DECORATING PLASTICS
Page Range: T/53-56
Author(s): Sorokina A V; Fridman O A
File size: 44K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 33
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
The decoration of plastics is discussed in terms of colouring, surface finish, and shape. The achievement of transparent, translucent, opaque and pearlescent effects by the selection of pigments and dyes is described, and the use of processing techniques to change the colour characteristics of plastic articles is also examined. Surface finishing techniques to produce gloss are described, and methods of surface colouring are reported. The concept of colour must include consideration of the characteristics of the dye use, the method of achieving the colour, the surface finish, and the colour pattern of the surface and/or the volume of the article, it is argued. 5 refs. (Article translated from Plasticheskie Massy, No.9, 2005, p.48-51).
Title: ENZYMATIC AND HYDROLYTIC DEGRADATION OF POLY(E-CAPROLACTONE) IN NATURAL CONDITIONS
Page Range: T/57-62
Author(s): Krasowska K; Heimowska A; Rutkowska M
File size: 267K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 33
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
The course of degradation of polycaprolactone was investigated in two natural media: in a compost heap and in sea water, in order to determine the differences in the process of degradation. In both media, environmental degradation takes place very quickly, thus confirming the high sensitivity of the polymer to the action of living organisms. Dispersal of the specimens occurred more rapidly n composite with active sediment than in sea water. The marked changes in the mass of the polycaprolactone specimens and their surface erosion after incubation in natural environments, are said to be the result of enzymatic degradation of ester linkages. Microscopic changes indicated that the enzymatic degradation was a two-stage process with the amorphous phase undergoing degradation first, accompanied by a momentary increase in crystallinity, followed by the degradation of the crystalline phase. Changes in molecular weight indicate that the participation of chemical hydrolysis, it is thought. Overall, the results obtained showed that degradation of polycaprolactone in compost and sea water was a result of enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis of the ester bonds, the dominant role being played by enzymatic hydrolysis. 28 refs. (Article translated from Polimery, No.1, 2006, p.21-26).
Title: BIODEGRADATION OF AN AGED COMPOSITION OF POLYETHYLENE WITH SYNTHETIC POLYESTER
Page Range: T/63-69
Author(s): Labuzek S; Nowak B; Pajak J
File size: 240K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 33
Issue No: No. 5
Abstract
This study investigates to what extend the process of abiotic degradation (photo- thermal, and photothermal degradation) of LDPE modified with a low content (20%) of Bionelle polyester, affects the process of biodegradation of the polyethylene. The microscopic fungi penicillium funiculosum, collected from a rubbish dump, was used for the biodegradation of the films. Photodegradation was induced by UV radiation in the range 250 – 400 nm, and thermal degradation under the effect of temperatures of 50 deg.C. The extent of degradation was assessed by loss of mass, mechanical strength, surface morphology, and infrared spectra. The results indicate that the addition of the polyester makes the polyethylene more sensitive to the action of abiotic degradation. 20 refs. (Article translated from Polimery, No.1, 2006, p.27-32).