Back SearchTitle: A NEW CHLORINE-CONTAINING RUBBER FOR COMPOUNDS IN THE SEALING LAYER OF RADIAL TYRES
Page Range: p.T/1-2
Author(s): Andriasyan Y O; Nesterova E G; Popov A A; Bobrov A P; Moskalev Y G
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 35
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
An experimental study was conducted of the possibility of replacing standard chlorine-containing butyl rubber NT-1066, which is used in the sealing layer of radial tyres, with KhBK-2.5 butyl rubber, which contained 2.5 mol % combined chlorine. The manufacture and processing of rubber mixes with KhBK-2.5 presented no difficulties on production equipment. The elastoplastic, physicomechanical and other properties of standard and trial rubber mixes and their vulcanisates were investigated. The properties of the new rubber were shown to satisfy the requirements for halogen-containing butyl rubbers for this application and it was no more expensive. 5 refs. (Article translated from Kauch.i Rezina, No.2, 2007, p.8-9)
Title: SYNTHESIS OF DIENE-STYRENE LATICES IN THE PRESENCE OF MIXTURES OF SURFACTANTS
Page Range: p.T/3-5
Author(s): Gritskova I A; Krashennikova I G; Papkov V S; Petukhova A V; Basov B K; Kheksel' L
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 35
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
A study was made of the copolymerisation of isoprene with styrene with a high styrene concentration in the monomer blend. Copolymerisation was carried out in the presence of a mixture of sodium alkyl sulphonate(E-30) and alpha-(carboxyethyl)-omega-(trimethylsiloxy)polydimethylsiloxane(PDS). The polymerisation initiators were potassium persulphate, azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) and isopropylbenzene. Polymerisation was conducted at 60 deg C. It was found that the copolymerisation proceeded at the required rate and with the formation of stable latex only with the use of oil- and water-soluble initiators (with a PPS concentration of 0.45 wt % or more) in the presence of an E-30/PDS mixture (4.5:1.0 mass ratio). It was demonstrated that, with these concentrations of initiators and surfactants, the optimum conditions for the formation of factors of stability (structural/mechanical and electrostatic) in the interphase adsorption layers of polymer-monomer particles were attained. 3 refs. (Article translated from Kauch.i Rezina, No.2, 2007, p.9-11)
Title: THERMAL STABILITY OF COMPOUNDS BASED ON BUTYL RUBBER RECLAIM OBTAINED UNDER RADIATION
Page Range: p.T/7-9
Author(s): Vagizova R R; Khakimullin Y N; Makarov T V; Vol'fson S I; Stepanov P A; Palyutin F M
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 35
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
Spent curing bags made of butyl rubber were reclaimed on a cobalt-60 gamma-unit at a radiation dose of 50 kGy. The reclaim was vulcanised using p-benzoquinone dioxime/manganese dioxide, p-dinitrosobenzene and quinol ether. It was found that radiation reclaim of butyl rubber was effectively vulcanised using dinitroso-generating systems. The compounds obtained with these systems exhibited a much higher heat ageing resistance than analogous butyl rubber vulcanisates. This appeared to be due to the effect of inhibition of processes of thermooxidative degradation of by-products of the breakdown of alkyl-phenyl-formaldehyde resin, which were formed during irradiation of the curing bag compounds. 16 refs. (Article translated from Kauch.i Rezina, No.2, 2007, p.11-14)
Title: MECHANICAL RUBBER GOODS MANUFACTURED FROM COMPOUNDS BASED ON BUTADIENE-ACRYLONITRILE RUBBER WITH OZONE RESISTANCE
Page Range: p.T/11-12
Author(s): Pyatov I S; Fedotova E S; Tikhonova S V; Bychkova T V; Maksimova Y A
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 35
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
A study was made of the influence of heating in ecologically-safe liquid media on the properties of compounds based on butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber(NBR). Glycerine was used as the liquid heating medium and also polydimethylsiloxane and polyethylene glycol(PEG). The influence of the heating temperature in these media on the change in physicomechanical properties of compounds and the geometric dimensions of the finished mechanical rubber goods(MRGs) was investigated. PEG was found to be the most suitable heating medium. During this study, it was found that NBR-based compounds modified using this technique and articles manufactured from them acquired ozone resistance. Storage of modified specimens of rubber compounds and MRGs for one year under normal conditions showed retention of the ozone resistance achieved. (Article translated from Kauch.i Rezina, No.2, 2007, p.14)
Title: MODIFICATION OF BUTYL RUBBER
Page Range: p.T/13-14
Author(s): Gil'manov K K; Shiyapov R T; Boreiko N P; Sofronova O V; Evtishina N M; Chelnokova S Z; Vasil'ev P V; Valenchits T P; Lopatina T P
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 35
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
The properties of curing bag compounds based on standard BK-1675 and BK-1675 modified with low molec.wt. polyisobutylene were investigated. The molec.wt. and MWD of butyl rubber were shown to be controlled by the addition of low molec.wt. polyisobutylene to the polymerisation charge. The rubber compound based on the polymer produced in this case possessed a lower nominal stress under specified loads. Butyl rubber with a reduced nominal stress under specified loads could also be obtained by adding low molec.wt. polyisobutylene to standard butyl rubber at the stage of formation and by mixing standard butyl rubbers with different Mooney viscosities. The use of modified butyl rubber with increased polydispersity and a reduced nominal stress under specified loads made it possible markedly to increase the true dynamic strength of curing bag compounds based on this rubber. (Article translated from Kauch.i Rezina, No.2, 2007, p.15-16)
Title: THERMALLY STABLE NANOCOMPOSITES WITH LAYERED SILICATES BASED ON BUTADIENE-ACRYLONITRILE RUBBER
Page Range: p.T/15-17
Author(s): Tutorskii I A; Al'tziter V S; Pokid'ko B V; Bitt V V
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 35
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
The effects of additions of modified layered silicates, e.g. sodium bentonite, on the properties of rubber compounds based on butadiene-acrylonitrile rubbers were investigated. The fillers were modified using quaternary ammonium salts. The structures of bentonites and polymer composites were studied by X-ray fluorescence analysis and the thermal stability and physicomechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The type of modifier and the degree of filling of the surface were shown to affect the thermal and physicomechanical properties of the composites. With incomplete replacement of inorganic cations contained in the interlayer space of natural bentonite by organic cations, interaction between the polymer and filler was intensified, which was manifested by a considerable increase in its thermal stability. At the same time, greater strength was achieved in composites with bentonite modified with a large amount of organic cations. 10 refs. (Article translated from Kauch.i Rezina, No.2, 2007, p.16-18)
Title: NANOCOMPOSITE-BASED COMPOSITE FILMS ABSORBING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Page Range: p.T/19-22
Author(s): Naumenko V Y; Voronin I V
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 35
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
A model was developed of the construction of a multilayer electromagnetic radiation(EMR)-absorbing material composed of a polymer film consisting of two functional layers. Onto an aluminium substrate is applied a layer consisting of a polymer matrix containing nanoparticles of metals as the filler, and then another layer comprising a polymeric binder in which plane-parallel chiral structural elements are disposed. Mathematical description of the proposed two-layer model made it possible to create EMR-absorbing film composite materials of no more than 2 mm thickness with a coefficient of absorption of EMR power of no lower than 32 dB in the wavelength range 2 to 12 cm. Experimental studies were conducted using polychloroprene, SBR and NBR films, and epoxy resin and low molec.wt. thermally-stable rubber as the model materials. The properties of the composites were studied, including frequency range, coefficient of absorption of power, weight, thickness and electrical resistivity. 14 refs. (Article translated from Kauch.i Rezina, No.2, 2007, p.19-22)
Title: APPLICATION OF NMR RELAXATION IN THE STUDY OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND DEGRADATION PROCESSES OF ELASTOMERS
Page Range: p.T/23-26
Author(s): Tselishcheva L V; Grunin L Y; Stepanov P A; Khakimullin Y N
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 35
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
An attempt was made to assess, using the NMR relaxation method, structural changes of elastomers as a function of the degree of degradation caused by mechanical treatment and gamma-irradiation of specimens. The study was conducted on commercial rubbers and also on rubbers produced and processed at the Kazan' Synthetic Rubber Works. The treatment of elastomers with gamma-irradiation was shown to lead to the breakdown of molecular and supermolecular structures of rubber compounds based on butyl rubber. In the processes of milling and production of crumbs on a disintegrator, there was a reduction in the crosslink density and rupture of the macromolecules, which led to degradation of the specimen. All changes of this type that occurred in the structure of the elastomers as a result of radiation ageing and mechanical degradation could be recorded by use of an NMR relaxometer. 18 refs. (Article translated from Kauch.i Rezina, No.2, 2007, p.24-27)
Title: ECOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS AND COST EFFECTIVENESS OF REGROOVED TYRES. I. TECHNICAL CONDITIONS AND ECOLOGY
Page Range: p.T/27-31
Author(s): Slyudikov L D; Volodina T N
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 35
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
Based on new results, an assessment was made of the anticipated ecological and cost benefits from regrooving of tyres within Russia. Technology for reconditioning used tyres by regrooving is described. Reduction of the harmful effect of motor transport on the environment when regrooved tyres are used is discussed, with particular reference to reduction in fuel consumption, reduction in gaseous emissions, and reduction in mass of solid waste. Organisational solutions, checked within the context of pilot production, are proposed which are thought to be necessary for the successful creation and development of the new tyre sub-industry. 6 refs. (Article translated from Kauch.i Rezina, No.2, 2007, p.27-32)
Title: MODIFICATION OF NATURAL LATEX BY POLYMER SUSPENSIONS STABILISED WITH DIFFERENT SURFACTANTS
Page Range: p.T/33-35
Author(s): Gritskova I A; Krasheninnikova I G; Khodzhaeva I D; Khachaturyan I V; Kheksel' L
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 35
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
PS, PMMA, polybutyl acrylate and polychloroprene latices were synthesised in the presence of alpha-(carboxyethyl)-omega-(trimethylsiloxy)polydimethylsiloxane(PDS) for the modification of films produced from natural latex. Polymerisation was carried out with a volume ratio of monomer to water of 1:6 and with concentrations of PDS and potassium persulphate of 1 wt % in terms of the monomer. For comparison of the properties of polymer suspensions, monomers were also polymerised in the presence of an anion-active emulsifier, sodium alkyl sulphonate. The properties of the polymer suspensions were studied. Films were cast from a blend consisting of natural latex and the polymer suspensions, and the elasticity and tear strength of the films were determined. The results obtained confirmed the hypothesis concerning the possibility of modifying film of natural latex with a polymer suspension whose particles contained a polymer-incompatible organosilicon surfactant. 6 refs. (Article translated from Kauch.i Rezina, No.3, 2007, p.2-3)
Title: QUANTUM-CHEMICAL MODELLING OF THE MIGRATION OF INHIBITORS OF TYRE RUBBERS
Page Range: p.T/37-40
Author(s): Mukhutdinov E A; Karimova L K; Mukhutdinov A A
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 35
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
The mechanism of migration from natural rubber of the tyre rubber inhibitor Diafen FP (N-phenyl-N'-isopropyl-n-phenylenediamine) and of N,N'-diphenyl-n-phenylenediamine (used to modify Diafen FP to reduce the migration) was studied by quantum-chemical modelling of the geometric structure, the direction of the principal vector of the dipole moment, and the cross-sectional area of the molecules perpendicular to the principal vector. The formation of dimers of Diafen FP molecules and of dimers, trimers, tetramers and polymers of hydrogen-bound DPPD molecules containing Diafen FP molecules on the ends of the chains was confirmed. As a result, the migration rate of Diafen FP from tyre rubbers varied over a wide range. Intense migration of Diafen FP from tyre rubbers occurred only with increase in temperature. With reduction in temperature, the migration rate of Diafen FP in the tyre rubber decreased sharply, while the duration of its intended effect increased significantly. 8 refs. (Article translated from Kauch.i Rezina, No.3, 2007, p.3-7)
Title: POLYFUNCTIONAL MODIFIER FOR COMPOUNDS BASED ON ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE AND CHLOROPRENE RUBBERS
Page Range: p.T/41-42
Author(s): Keibal N A; Bondarenko S N; Kablov V F; Goryainov I Y; Munsh T A
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 35
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
Chloroprene and ethylene-propylene rubbers were modified with preground KPA-50, an amine-containing oligomer based on epoxy-bisphenol A resin ED-20 and vat residue from aniline production, and the effect of the modifier on the adhesion to metal and physicomechanical properties of the vulcanisates was investigated. The optimal KPA-50 content in rubber mixes was 2.5 to 5.0 parts by mass. A further increase in the amount of KPA-50 led to deterioration in the strength and adhesion characteristics of the vulcanisates. It was demonstrated that KPA-50 exhibited adequate activity in compounds based on different rubbers, promoted an improvement in adhesion properties and could be used as a polyfunctional modifier for compounds based on different rubbers. 3 refs. (Article translated from Kauch.i Rezina, No.3, 2007, p.12-13)
Title: EFFECT OF HIGHLY DISPERSED POWDERS OF SHUNGITE AND TERMIN ON THE PROPERTIES OF RUBBER MIXES
Page Range: p.T/43-44
Author(s): Sheverdyaev O N; Bobrov A P; Kornev A E; Sheverdyaeva N V; Chernik G G; Krynkina V N
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 35
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
The effect of highly-dispersed powders of the fillers shungite (a mineral of natural origin) and 'termin' (treated ash from the burning of solid fuel at thermoelectric power plants) on the properties of rubber mixes and compounds based on butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber was studied. It was shown that increase in the content of highly-dispersed shungite and termin increased the tensile modulus and nominal TS in comparison with the original shungite and termin and standard mineral fillers. The combined introduction of highly-dispersed shungite and termin increased the tensile modulus and nominal TS by more than a factor of three in comparison with the original shungite and termin and standard mineral fillers. 1 ref. (Article translated from Kauch.i Rezina, No.3, 2007, p.13-14)
Title: AUTOMOTIVE HOSE - PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE TRENDS
Page Range: p.T/45-50
Author(s): Tsunoda K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 35
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
The current status of automotive air conditioner hose is discussed and a review is presented of the results of development work on prospective air conditioner hose recently undertaken by the author and co-workers. A new approach involving flexible high-barrier rubber compounds is described. The development of rubber/silicate nanocomposites is considered and the gas barrier performance of such nanocomposites, e.g. bromobutyl rubber/mica, is examined. Prospects for the next generation of air conditioner hose are outlined. 12 refs. (Article translated from Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi, No.10, 2007, p.375-379)
Title: TRENDS IN AUTOMOTIVE SEALING MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
Page Range: p.T/51-60
Author(s): Nishina H
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 35
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
Trends in automotive technology, e.g. the use of biofuels, and in technological requirements for oil seals are described. The general properties of seal rubber materials are discussed, the rubbers covered being nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, acrylic rubber, silicone rubber, fluoroelastomer and ethylene-propylene rubber. Trends in the improvement of materials are examined, with particular reference to improvement of heat and cold resistance, improvements in friction and wear, and improvement in fuel oil resistance. Seal materials for fuel cell application are also mentioned. 14 refs. (Article translated from Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi, No.12, 2007, p.466-472)