Back SearchTitle: POLYMER-POLYMER BLENDS OF POLYPROPYLENE OF DIFFERENT MOLECULAR WEIGHTS AND COPOLYMERS OF epsilon-CAPROLACTAM AND epsilon-CAPROLACTONE
Page Range: p.T/1-4
Author(s): Khairullin R Z; Arkhireev V P; Gafarov A M
File size: 74K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
The effect of increase of the molec.wt. of PP on the service and processing properties of polymer-polymer blends of PP and copolyamide-esters(CPAEs) was investigated, together with the change in the rigidity of the CPAE chain with increase in the amount of polyamide component in it. The high molec.wt. fractions of the PP played a significant role in changing the physicomechanical and rheological properties of the blends. The nature and content of the CPAE in the blends also had a marked effect on their physicomechanical properties. On transition from flexible-chain CPAE to rigid-chain CPAE, the strength properties of the blends increased and the elastic properties decreased. The introduction of CPAE into the PP lowered the viscosity of the blends, to an increasing degree as the CPAE content increased, which made it possible, while retaining the strength properties, to lower the temperature of processing by plastic deformation methods (extrusion, injection moulding). 2 refs. (Article translated from Plast.Massy, No.11, 2007, p.13-15)
Title: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF PLASTICISED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
Page Range: p.T/5-7
Author(s): Fatoev I I; Mavlanov B A; Murodova I N
File size: 59K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
The effect of the content and nature of plasticisers introduced into PVC on the structure and properties of the compounds produced was studied. The materials used were S-70-grade PVC which, depending on the experimental conditions and the content and nature of the plasticiser, was both in the glassy and in the rubbery (high-elastic) state, and dioctyl phthalate(DOP) and dioctyl sebacate(DOS) plasticisers. The properties studied were tensile properties, volume resistivity, dielectric loss tangent, electrical strength, and density. The polymer-plasticiser compatibility boundary was shown to occur at a plasticiser concentration of 40-45%. DOS had a greater effect on the structure and properties of the PVC than DOP, providing PVC with marked softness in comparison with DOP. It was demonstrated that, using different modifying low molec.wt. liquid media, it was possible to control the structure and physicomechanical properties of the glassy amorphous polymer. 5 refs. (Article translated from Plast.Massy, No.11, 2007, p.15-17)
Title: MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF POLYMER COATINGS IN A SOLVENT
Page Range: p.T/9-11
Author(s): Volkova E R; Denisyuk E Y
File size: 137K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
A mathematical model based on the non-linear theory of mass transfer, that describes the process of absorption of solvent by an infinitely stretched plane layer fixed to an undeformable metal base, was used to describe the mechanical behaviour of polymer coatings in a solvent. Experimental studies were conducted on crosslinked elastomers of polybutadiene urethane and polydiene urethane epoxide using solvents of dioctyl sebacate, dibutyl sebacate, oleic acid nitrile and transformer oil. It was demonstrated that the non-linear theory of mechanodiffusion and a system of physical relations based on the Mooney-Rivlin model of high elasticity could be used as the theoretical base of an experimental method for determining the elastic properties of elastomers working under conditions of strong fixing to an undeformable base when they interacted with physically corrosive media. 7 refs. (Article translated from Plast.Massy, No.11, 2007, p.17-19)
Title: THERMAL ELASTICITY OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL POLYMERS
Page Range: p.T/13-15
Author(s): Sivergin Y M; Kireeva S M
File size: 80K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
The thermodynamics of high-elastic strain of three-dimensional polymers were studied, using a polymer of oligocarbonate (meth)acrylate based on ethylene glycol. Standard specimens of the polymer were elongated on an Instron tensile testing machine at maximum temperature (418 deg K). Values of the stress corresponding to the equilibrium state were taken after 3 hours. The temperature was then lowered in 5 degree K steps at a rate of 1-1.5 K/min, and the new value of equilibrium stress was recorded. A specific factor in the deformation of highly crosslinked three-dimensional polymers was found to be the appearance of the energy component, the contribution of which increased with increase in the degree of crosslinking of the macrochains and their strain. 11 refs. (Article translated from Plast.Massy, No.11, 2007, p.19-21)
Title: COMPLEXES OF TRANSITION METALS BASED ON AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES OF EPOXY-CONTAINING POLY-N-VINYLPYRROLIDONE
Page Range: p.T/17-18
Author(s): Tashmukhamedov R I; Klyagina M V; Khvostova V Y; Goryachaya A V; Shtil'man M I; Tsatsakis A M
File size: 55K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
Epoxy-containing poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone modified with amino acids (glycine, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid) was used for the production of polymeric metal complexes with copper(I), cobalt(II) and germanium(II). The IR, PMR and EPR spectra of the complexes were studied. The values of the stability constants for complexes with polymeric derivatives of glycine and beta-alanine were markedly higher than the values for complexes based on polymeric derivatives of gamma-aminobutyric acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid. These results confirmed the difference in the structures of these groups of polymeric complexes. 7 refs. (Article translated from Plast.Massy, No.11, 2007, p.21-22)
Title: INFLUENCE OF THE SYNTHESIS CONDITIONS ON THE KINETIC PARAMETERS OF COPOLYMERISATION AND THE PROPERTIES OF TETRAZOLE-CONTAINING HYDROGEL
Page Range: p.T/19-22
Author(s): Uspenskaya M V; Kabakova M M; Sirotinkin N V
File size: 63K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
The process of gelation of crosslinked copolymers based on acrylic acid, 5-vinyltetrazole and N,N-methylene bisacrylamide was studied. The kinetics of the exothermic free radical polymerisation reaction were examined. The physicochemical properties of the absorbents obtained were investigated as a function of variables such as the synthesis temperature, reaction time, concentration of initiator (ammonium persulphate) and monomers in the initial blend and their ratio. Studies of the equilibrium degree of swelling of the hydrogels showed that a polymerisation temperature of 50 deg C was optimum. 16 refs. (Article translated from Plast.Massy, No.11, 2007, p.22-25)
Title: FEATURES OF FORMATION OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE DURING THE SYNTHESIS OF A POLYMER MATRIX BASED ON A STYRENE-ETHYLENE GLYCOL DIMETHACRYLATE SYSTEM
Page Range: p.T/23-28
Author(s): Rupyshev V G; Krivchenko E I; Ginzburg L I
File size: 148K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
Kinetic relationships in the three-dimensional copolymerisation of styrene with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were studied over a wide range of concentrations of the divinyl compound (10-70 wt %) and at temperatures of 50-85 deg C, with a constant initiator concentration. These copolymers are of use as optical gradient materials. It was found that the three-dimensional polymerisation, although obeying the laws of radical polymerisation, had its own specific features depending on the process conditions and the reaction system used. It was possible to determine the region of optimum technological parameters, which ensured effective control of the copolymerisation rate in the process of synthesising the matrix of three-dimensional structure. The high content of gel fraction with a low degree of transformation of the initial matrix made it possible to retain the prescribed shape of the matrix, which resulted in a small gradient of the temperature field over the radius of the specimen and a high diffusion permeability. The latter was important for the stage of formation of the monomer concentration distribution profile in the course of diffusion. 4 refs. (Article translated from Plast.Massy, No.11, 2007, p.25-29)
Title: USE OF THERMOMECHANICAL SPECTROSCOPY TO ASSESS THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION OF CARBOXYMETHYL ETHERS OF CELLULOSE IN THE COMPOSITION OF CARBOXYMETHYLATED WOOD
Page Range: p.T/29-33
Author(s): Kalyuta E V; Bazarnova N G; Ol'khov Y A; Markin V I
File size: 102K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
The possibility of using thermomechanical spectroscopy(TMS) to assess the MWD of carboxymethyl cellulose isolated from carboxymethylated wood was investigated. The polydispersity and the principal characteristics of the topological structure of cellulose carboxymethyl ethers, obtained by the solutionless method of TMS, were compared with their MWDs as characterised by the fractionation method of turbidimetric titration. It was established that, for CMC isolated from carboxymethylated wood, agreement in the values of the molec.wt. and in the fractional composition was obtained, which indicated the adequacy of assessing the MWD by fractionation and TMS. 10 refs. (Article translated from Plast.Massy, No.11, 2007, p.31-34)
Title: INFLUENCE OF AVAILABLE PHOSPHINE OXIDES ON THE FLAMMABILITY OF PLASTICISED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
Page Range: p.T/35-38
Author(s): Plotnikova G V; Kornilov A V; Khalliulin A K; Malysheva S F; Gusarova N K; Tsarik L Y; Timokhin B V
File size: 58K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
The effect of phosphine oxides, including triallyl phosphine oxide, tristyryl phosphine oxide, trishydroxymethyl phosphine oxide and trioctyl phosphine oxide, on the flammability of plasticised PVC was studied. It was found that all these phosphine oxides acted as combustion retarders, with trioctyl phosphine oxide and tristyryl phosphine oxide being the most effective fireproofing agents. When even small amounts were introduced, there was an increase in the ignition temperature, a reduction in weight loss and an increase in the time of achievement of maximum temperature. The service properties of PVC specimens were only slightly affected by the addition of trioctyl phosphine oxide. 4 refs. (Article translated from Plast.Massy, No.11, 2007, p.35-36)
Title: ANALYSIS OF THE VISCOELASTIC DEFORMATION OF TWISTED THREADS
Page Range: p.T/39-44
Author(s): Chernous D A; Shil'ko S V
File size: 264K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
An attempt was made to improve the previously-proposed model of twisted thread to describe the processes of elongation and bending, taking into account the viscosity of the material of the monofibres. By comparing the calculated and experimental dependences, the latter being obtained for polyamide and wool fibres, it was established that use of the hypothesis of 'length variation' and a simplified model of the structure of the thread made it possible adequately to describe the mechanical behaviour of twisted threads under alternating load under conditions of elongation, bending and contact with steel wire. It was shown that the viscoelastic characteristics of the material of the monofibres could be identified from the experimental dependence of the tensile force on the relative elongation under alternating tensile load. 10 refs. (Article translated from Plast.Massy, No.11, 2007, p.37-40)
Title: NEW ANTIFRICTION MATERIALS BASED ON POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE AND POLYOXADIAZOLE FIBRES
Page Range: p.T/45-48
Author(s): Aderikha V N; Shapovalov V A; Pleskachevskii Y M
File size: 79K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
The principles governing the change in the physicomechanical and tribotechnical properties of PTFE composites filled with varying amounts of polyoxadiazole fibres were studied and possible means for the optimisation of these properties were determined. The defective nature of the matrix-fibre boundary was demonstrated. Studies of the tribotechnical characteristics of composites with different degrees of filling showed that the PTFE composites possessed high tribotechnical characteristics under friction without external lubrication, similar to the corresponding properties of commercial PTFE composites. 9 refs. (Article translated from Plast.Massy, No.11, 2007, p.47-49)
Title: CONDITIONS FOR THE RETENTION OF THE DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF FINELY FILLED COMPOSITES
Page Range: p.T/49-53
Author(s): Serenko O A; Grigor'ev Y A; Goncharuk G P; Obolonkova E S; Bazhenov S L
File size: 129K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
A study was conducted with the aim of determining experimentally the main criteria for selection of the matrix polymer and filler for the production of a composite with rigid particles that retained its plastic properties over a wide range of degrees of filling. The materials used were HDPE as matrix and silica gel, hollow glass spheres and rubber crumbs as fillers. The results obtained confirmed the validity of an approach proposed previously by Serenko et al., based on analysis of the deformation and strength properties of the matrix polymer and estimation of the critical filler particle size. It was shown that, for production of a composite material that retained its plastic properties over a wide range of filler concentrations, it was necessary to use a polymer whose engineering TS exceeded the upper yield point. The size of the filler particles introduced had to be smaller than the critical size. The critical particle size was determined by the magnitude of critical crack opening in the polymer and its degree of elongation in the neck. 8 refs. (Article translated from Plast.Massy, No.12, 2007, p.5-8)
Title: INFLUENCE OF THE NATURE OF THE COMPONENTS AND THEIR INTERACTION ON THE ELECTRICAL AND RELAXATION PROPERTIES OF LAYERED METAL-POLYMER COMPOSITES
Page Range: p.T/55-58
Author(s): Magomedov G M; Yakh'yaeva K S; Abakarov S A; Zhelezina G F
File size: 71K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
The electrical conductivity method and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to investigate two types of layered metal-polymer composites, i.e. layers of SVM-aramid-fibre-based organoplastic with an aluminium alloy sheet in the middle, and armos-fibre-based organoplastic in the middle with aluminium alloy sheets top and bottom. Based on the results, it was shown that the higher the alpha-1 transition of the matrix and the alpha-2 transition of the fibre, the higher was the level of adhesion interaction of the components in the composite. These parameters could thus be suitable for use in qualitative assessment of adhesion interaction. The mechanisms of electrical conductivity appeared to be related to the change in relaxation properties occurring in the composite. 9 refs. (Article translated from Plast.Massy, No.12, 2007, p.9-11)
Title: INFLUENCE OF INORGANIC ADDITIVE PARTICLE FINENESS ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF LINEAR POLYETHYLENE
Page Range: p.T/59-62
Author(s): Gordienko V P; Mustyatsa O N; Sal'nikov V G
File size: 69K
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Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
The effect of inorganic additives of different particle fineness on the structure of a typical thermoplastic material, at different levels of its organisation, and on the physicomechanical properties of the composites was studied. The materials used were HDPE and molybdenum disulphide. The fineness of the particles of the MoS"2 was found to affect all levels of organisation of the structure of a typical crystallising thermoplastic and the strength and deformation properties of the filled polymer. MoS"2 in nano-form at a level of 1-2 vol % had the most positive effect on these properties, which was probably related to the favourable conditions of crystallisation of the polymer, with grafting of macromolecules on additive particles and with the formation of a partial three-dimensional structure of the thermoplastic material. 10 refs. (Article translated from Plast.Massy, No.12, 2007, p.11-13)