Back SearchTitle: AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS - FOOD FOR HUMANS OR MACHINERY?
Page Range: p.T/1-8
Author(s): Catic I; Rujnic-Sokele M
File size: 155K
Download the pdf (subscribers only)
Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
By using a cross-scientific approach to take account of technical, economic and social, but not ideological, perspectives, the trend to use agricultural products as fuel for machines and in the production of bioplastics, rather than as food for living creatures, is examined. The resulting reduction in greenhouse gases, specifically carbon dioxide, is considered. Two concepts for producing plastics from renewable raw materials, the DuPont concept for sustainability and environmental compatibility and the GE Plastics one for environmentally compatible polymers, are discussed in detail. It is concluded that all waste, including biomass waste, must be processed using all available methods and that the idea of producing everything, e.g. plastics, fuel, textiles, leather, from renewable resources is socially unacceptable. 29 refs. (Article translated from Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe, No.11, 2008, p.710-708)
Title: PHYSICAL MODIFICATION OF DIENE RUBBERS AS A METHOD FOR GREATLY IMPROVING THE PROCESSING PROPERTIES OF RUBBER MIXES AND THE PHYSICOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE VULCANISED RUBBERS. III.
Page Range: p.T/9-10
Author(s): Dorozhkin V P; Galimova E M; Il'yasov R S
File size: 56K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
The change in the main physicomechanical properties of standard vulcanisates based on physically-modified SKI-3 polyisoprene rubber was investigated as a function of the time since its modification. Properties studied included TS, EB, tear strength, rebound resilience and hardness. Physical modification of SKI-3 was shown to lead to a strong and positive change in the entire range of physicomechanical properties of sulphur vulcanisates based on it. The positive effect of physical modification of SKI-3 on the properties of the sulphur vulcanisates was retained for roughly 2 weeks after modification and then gradually disappeared. 3 refs. (Pt.II, Kauch.i Rezina, No.1, 2008, p.11) (Article translated from Kaucuk i Rezina, No.1, 2008, p.12-14)
Title: EFFECT OF MODIFYING CARBON BLACK ON THE PROPERTIES OF RUBBER COMPOUNDS
Page Range: p.T/11-15
Author(s): Kornev Y V; Yumashev O B; Zhogin V A; Gamlitskii Y A; Shvachich M V; Bukanov A M
File size: 87K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
The modification of N220-grade carbon black with N,N,N',N'-tetrahydroxypropylethylene diamine (Lapramol 294) was studied and the effect of modified carbon black on the processing and physicomechanical properties of butadiene-styrene rubbers was investigated. Modification of the surface of the carbon black had a significant effect on the kinetics of vulcanisation and on the elastic strength and elastic hysteresis properties of the vulcanisates, thus improving the service properties of tyre rubbers. Changes in the surface chemistry of the carbon black thus provided potential for controlling the processing and physicomechanical properties of elastomeric materials. 13 refs. (Article translated from Kaucuk i Rezina, No.1, 2008, p.14-18)
Title: PROSPECTS FOR THE APPLICATION OF A NEW PLASTICISER - DIBUTOXYETHYL ADIPINATE - FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COLD-RESISTANT SEALING RUBBERS
Page Range: p.T/17-21
Author(s): Petrova N N; Portnyagina V V; Fedotova E S
File size: 96K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
A new plasticiser, dibutoxyethyl adipinate(DBEA), was tested in a model rubber mix based on BNKS-18 butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, with subsequent full-scale exposure in Talakansk field petroleum for a year in an unheated storeroom. The rubber specimens were removed periodically and tested for physicomechanical properties, development of compression set, coefficient of cold resistance, degree of swelling in the hydrocarbon medium, and amount of plasticiser in the rubber. DBEA provided a high level of low-temperature properties at temperatures above -40 deg C, but was not satisfactory at critical service temperatures ranging from -45 to -50 deg C. 13 refs. (Article translated from Kaucuk i Rezina, No.1, 2008, p.18-22)
Title: CALCULATION OF THE OPTIMUM FILLING OF ELASTOMERS WITH CARBON NANOPARTICLES
Page Range: p.T/23-25
Author(s): Kablov V F; Petryuk I P
File size: 128K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
A model for calculation of the optimum filling with carbon nanoparticles was derived on the basis of various preconditions and comparison was made with experimental data on non-crystallising rubbers (SBR, NBR and ethylene-propylene rubber) containing carbon fillers. The deviation of calculated values from experimental values was due to the formation in the composite of a non-ideal ordered structure. Cells of different diameter were present in the structure and not all the cells of the structure had the shape of regular spheres. The proposed physical model of an elastomer nanocomposite was undoubtedly idealised and took no account of the fractal nature of the surface of the nanoparticles and the secondary structures than were formed by filler aggregates in the polymer matrix, but it gave good results when describing real elastomeric materials. The accuracy of the calculations could probably be increased by taking into account the fractal nature of distribution of the ordered rubber phase. 11 refs. (Article translated from Kaucuk i Rezina, No.1, 2008, p.22-24)
Title: DETERMINATION OF THE DEGREE OF DISPERSION OF CARBON BLACK IN RUBBER MIXES
Page Range: p.T/27-28
Author(s): Shutilin Y F; Bogachev E P; Molchanov V I
File size: 56K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
The distribution of carbon black in polyisoprene rubber was investigated by an optical microscopy technique with a digital camera mounted in place of one the microscope lenses. Comparison was made with the results obtained by the conventional technique. The proposed procedure yielded more reliable values of the degree of dispersion at the time of complete mixing and its use in factories would ensure the efficiency of tests (only 3-4 min to study a single specimen), high accuracy of determination of the degree of dispersion, and elimination of subjective errors associated with visual observation. 4 refs. (Article translated from Kaucuk i Rezina, No.1, 2008, p.24-25)
Title: ANISOTHERMIC POLYMER EXTRUSION WITH ACCOUNT TAKEN OF MACROMOLECULAR ORIENTATION
Page Range: p.T/29-34
Author(s): Kutuzov A G
File size: 424K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
A mathematical model of the flow of a viscoelastic liquid in a slit channel characteristic of the shaping nozzle of the extruder in tyre manufacture was examined. The effect of the macromolecular orientation of the rubber in the near-wall layers of the melt, which could lead to unstable movement of the extrudate and consequently result in a low-quality product, was investigated. It was shown that the physical state of the polymer was determined mainly by its processing conditions, which were characteristic of the processing of polymeric media. The selection of the processing regime, e.g. extrudate temperature and extrusion rate, was mainly connected with features of the polymeric structure of the melt and, consequently, with the rheological properties of the material being processed. In construction of models of the processing regimes for polymer blends, therefore, production engineers should take account of the possibility of the formation of oriented structures, especially in cases where it was important that there were no unstable flow regimes, that the dimensions were stable, and that the physical and service characteristics of the articles produced were constant. 7 refs. (Article translated from Kaucuk i Rezina, No.1, 2008, p.25-29)
Title: CURRENT APPROACHES TO SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF ELASTOMER REINFORCEMENT
Page Range: p.T/35-42
Author(s): Nikitin Y N; Khodakova S Y; Girenko M M; Kornev A E
File size: 54K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
A review of the literature on approaches to solving the problem of elastomer reinforcement, particularly for the tyre industry, is presented. Topics discussed include carbon black reinforcement, replacement of carbon black by precipitated silica, silane coupling agents, rubber mix preparation, improvement of silica dispersion and crosslink rigidity, combination of sulphide silane coupling agents with additional modifiers, combinations of silica with carbon black, methods for modifying carbon black, and nanofillers such as montmorillonite, other forms of layered kaolin, fullerene and carbon nanotubes. 222 refs. (Article translated from Kaucuk i Rezina, No.1, 2008, p.33-39)
Title: MULTIPLE CONTROLLED GRAFT COPOLYMERS BY TRANSITION METAL-CATALYZED LIVING RADICAL POLYMERIZATION
Page Range: p.T/43-50
Author(s): Satoh K; Kamigaito M
File size: 276K
Download the pdf (subscribers only) Buy the pdf (non-subscribers)Journal: International Polymer Science and Technology
Issue Year: ipsat
Volume: 36
Issue No: No.3
Abstract
A series of well-defined graft copolymers, with controlled lengths of both the backbone and graft chains, was synthesised by the ruthenium-catalysed living radical polymerisation. The backbone polymer was first synthesised by the ruthenium-catalysed living radical random copolymerisation of methyl methacrylate and 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl methacrylate, followed by the in-situ transformation of the silyloxy group into the ester with a C-Br bond, which resulted in efficient multifunctional macroinitiators for living radical graft copolymerisation. The methodology led to novel controlled architectural copolymers, A"x-BA"x-type block-graft copolymers, which could function as new building blocks for controlled nanostructures based on microphase separation and was different from that of the conventional ABA triblock copolymers. A series of well-defined A"x-BA"x-type block-graft copolymers consisting of soft middle segments (dodecyl methacrylate) and hard outer graft chains (styrene), synthesised by the ruthenium-catalysed block and graft polymerisations, exhibited the characteristics of a thermoplastic elastomer. 23 refs. (Article translated from Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi, No.10, 2008, p.424-430)